The author classified polypoid lesions of the stomach into four groups in accordance with the direction of growing, taking their sideview, and defined A as the group extending to vertical direction against the stomach wall, B as the group having the same nature as A group and showing segmental growing, C as the group growing along the stomach wall and D as the group showing irregularly massive growing. According to the above definition, classification was made with 165 cases of polypoid lesions of the stomach about which histological study was performed, and some findings were obtained as follows;
1) It was found that A and B groups had a tendency to benignancy, and C and D groups malignancy.
2) The author could divide a benign figure and a malignant one by observing a bird's-eye view of polypoid lesions in each group classified into by the author, that is, the percentage of malignancy was 2.3% (4 out of the total 128 cases) in the former and 70.3% (26 out of the total 37 cases) in the latter. The malignant figure included one having low, uneven surface (C group), one showing center-depression, having the same nature as the above (C group), one like a green caterpillar (C group) and massive one (D group).
3) All the cases of polypoid lesions over 3 cm in diameter and 62.7% (22 out of the total 35 cases) over 2 cm in diameter indicated to be malignant. According to the author's classification, all the cases of polypoid lesions over 2 cm in diameter in C group and over 3 cm in D group indicated to be malignant. It was therefore confirmed that the size of polypoid lesions regarded as malignancy varied from group to group. Then it was ascertained that the atypical epithelium about which discussions and studies were recently made could, to some extent, be differentiated from II a type of early stomach cancer in size.
4) It was found that the color on the surface of polypoid lesions was not useful for differentiating a benign polypoid lesion from a malignant one, while both erosion and bleeding on the surface were observed more among the cases of malignancy, 70% (21 out of the total 30 malignant cases) 23.7% (7out of 30 cases) respectively. However, according to the author's classification, erosion was a sign of malignancy only in A group, and bleeding only in A and C group. Therefore, it was con-firmed that erosion and bleeding were the signs valuable for diagnosis only in some group.
Then, Shichijo's reaction, a non-specific, biological test for diagnosis of the stomach cancer which originated with Prof. Shichijo, was examined with above cases of polypoid lesions and following findings were obtained.
1) In the positive type of Shichijo's reaction, the reaction was useful as a supplemental method of diagnosis for differentiating a malignant polypoid lesion from a benign one, since the percentage of malignancy was 81.8% (9 out of the total 11 cases).
2) In the positive group of Shichijo's reaction (inclusive of the intermediate type), the percentage of malignancy became higher in each following case.
a) over 2 cm in diameter …100.0% (all of 10 cases)
b) C group under the author's classification …87.5% (7 of 8 cases)
D group under the author's classification …100.0% (all of 4 cases)
malignant figure under the author's division …91.7% (11 of 12 cases)
c) showing erosion on the surface …81.8% (9 of 11 cases)
d) showing bleeding on the surface …100.0% (all of 5 cases)
As stated above, in case examination was made in such a case as the size, figure and nature on the surface of polypoid lesions, Shichijo's reaction was useful as a supplemental method of diagnosis for the differentiation. However, only 46.4% (13 out of the total 28 cases) of malignant polypoid lesions was the positive group of Shichijo's reaction. Therefore, it was a question that the subject of diagnosis was about half the number of malignant polypoid lesions.

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At the standpoint of comparative anatomy of the skeletal muscles it is generally accepted that the diaphragma of mammals belongs to the rectus-system, but in the other hand it is pointed out that dia phragma consists of two parts, namely pars ventralis and pars dorsalis; the former belongs to the rectus-system and the letter to the transversus-system, and in man the ventral part is comparable to the pars sterno-costalis and the dorsal part to the pars lumbalis. This dualistic viewpoint comes from the fact that the diaphragma of xenopus laevis possesses both dorsal and ventral parts which are perfectly separated each other; thus xennpus diaphragma is regarded as primitive from.
From this sight the author investigated the development of the diaphragma of the xenopus during metamorphosis by dissection under a stereoscoqic binocular microscope and by tinctorial examination on the serial sections. Summarized results are as follows :
The ventral part developes from the cells between the larval muscle fibers of the abdominal rectus muscule during stages 56-66 (Nieukoop and Faber). The dorsal part is derived from cell group at the medial side of the anlage of the upper extremity (stage 50) These cells separate from the anlage of upper extremity at the earlier stage.
From these observations the author regard the ventral part of the diaphragma as rectus-system and the dorsal part as extremity-muscle.

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Employing thc classical conditioned reflex as an experimental method, the author intended to clarify the olfactory acuity of a dog.
As a test odor, clove oil, which is a non-meaningfull smell for dogs, was used. It was diluted by propylen glycol into various concentrations.
At first, a method to obtain salivatory conditioned reflex by clove oil odor was established. By this method the following results were obtained :
1) Olfactory threshold of a dog for clove oil was 10^-7mg/cc. This is million times lower than the olfactory threshold of man.
2) The diluted solution of clove oil and propylen glycol itself were presented to a dog for olfactory discrimination. When the clove oil was highly diluted, the conditioned salivatory reflex of the dog became very irregular to the two solutions. But when a third and very dissimilar odor was presented together with the diluted clove oil or propylen glycol, the dog showed salivation regularly to the clove oil solution and the propylen glycol itself, but not to the dissimilar odor.
3) Beside the measurement of salivation, recording of respiration was found to be very useful for the study of the discriminative ability.
4) It is conjectured that there are mainly three factors involved in the olfactory discriminative processes of a dog, that is, quantity, quality and odor patterns formed by combinations of odor substances.
It is conceivable that a dog discriminates odors by taking advantage of the most useful factor among the above three.
In some cases, a dog may make use of two or more factors in combination. Consequently, it may be said that the olfactory threshold of a dog changes depending upon various circumstances.

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The authors carried out a test of mental fitness for action requiring quickness on fifty boy students of a high school (Matsuyama High School, Saitama Prefecture). The test method used is a sort of the measurement of complex reaction time with visual stimulus, which was reported by Matumoto et al. The test was done one time a day, and over 30 test for every subject as a rule.
Subjects employed in this test were members of the tennis, pingpong or fencing (kendo) clubs, and also two groups who made good or bad school records. Their scores of the test was estimated in relation to their masterly ability of sports in each club and to the school records. The results were the following.
1. The score of the test in progress of skillness was better on the boy students than the average score of the general subjeccts including men and women of young and old.
2. The score of the test for individual student was in close relation with his school records. The average acore of the ten boys having the best school records was definitely distinctive with tthat of the ten boys having low records.
3. With the score of the test of each boy, one could be assumable quite well on his masterly ability of sports, especially tennis, pingpong or fencing (kendo) and others.

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1 Cytology of sputum was performed by cell block method with 151 patients who visited this department from April 1965 through November 1968. The cytological diagnoses were positive in 67 of 70 patients with primary lung cancer (positivity rate 96%), and in 10 of 28 patients with metastatic lung cancer (36%). And out of 53 patients with non-cancerous diseases such as inflammatory pulmonary disease, and neck and breast tumor, none gave false positive results, demonstrating high reliability of cell block method.
2 With 20 patients of positive cytologically, autopsy or biopsy was also performed, and in 19 of them, there was agreement between cyrological and histological diagnoses.
3 For the exact diagnosis of primary lung cancer, it is desirous to make sputum test for 5 consecutive days, since the positivity rate becamc 95%, when the test was repeated 5 times.
4 Cell block method was compared with smear method concerning their advantages and disadvantages And it is concluded that the former is preferable where possible. Under Particular conditions, however, smear method should be used jointly.
5 From the view point of a clinician who had practicised cell block method, a new diagnositic classification, different from the generally used one of papanicolaou was attemted.

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The charge of the small particles of mercury containing various kind of metals in the electrolytic solution was investigated, Employed method was that the deflection of small particles falling from a fine hole of glass tube into the solution through which current was flowing in horizontal direction was observed. The following results were obtained.
1) The particles of mercury containing Cu, Ag or pure mercury deflected toward cathode showing charged positive (already known fact).
2) The particles of mercury containing K, Na, Zn, Cd, Sn or Pb deflected toward anode, and these particles were assumed charged negative.
3) The surface of the mercury containing any one of these metals regardless of deflection in electrolytic solution (NaCl sol.) was positive against carbon electrode.
The authors concluded that the results in 2) and 3) were in contradiction and could not be understood. It should be elucidated by future investigation.

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