Eighty-eight stroke patients, 52 with cerebral infarction and 36 with cerebral hemorrhage, underwent continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring at least five months after the onset of the acute incidents.
The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias were almost the same in the patients with cerebral infarction (23.1%) and in those with cerebral hemorrhage (22.2%). But atriopathic arrhythmias were more frequent in the patients with cerebral infarction (48.1%) than in those with cerebral hemorrhage (16.7%). The difference was highly significant (p < 0.01). Both sporadic atrial premature beats and episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmias (short episodes of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia or transient atrial fibrillation) were more frequent with cerebral infarction. The high incidence of atriopathic arrhythmias was postulated to be causally related to the cerebral infarction.

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Cadmium (Cd), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, β2-microglobulin (BMG), and creatinine (cr) in cadmium pigment workers' urine was measured twice, in April and September 1986. These workers had been exposed to cadmium pigment dust (maximum 3.0μg/m³/8 hrs of respirable dust). In April and September, the urinary Cd ranged respectively from 0.2 to 9.5 and 0. 5 to 7.0 μg/g cr with geometric means of 0.7 and 1.2 μg/g cr. Person's correlation coefficient between Cd and NAG was 0.263 (n=61) in April and 0.387 (n=50) in September. The correlation coefficient between Cd and BMG was 0.242 in April and 0.110 in September. These results show that the urinary Cd level is more closely related to urinary NAG than to urinary BMG, even when urinary Cd level is under 10 μg/ g cr. We conclude that NAG is a more sensitive indicator of Cd absorption than BMG, even when the urinary Cd level is under 10 μg/g cr.

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In order to elucidate the malignancy of Borrmann type 3 gastric cancer, 216 cases of this cancer diagnosed and resected at the author's department between 1971 and 1984, were macroscopically classified into 3 subtypes, namely types A, B and C, and their prognostic factors and prognosis were evaluated.
In 52 cases of the subtype A cancer, the greater part of the rim was well demarcated. In contrast, the greater part of the rim was poorly demarcated in 94 cases with the subtype B cancer, and the entire rim of 70 cases with the subtype C cancer was poorly demarcated.
The subtype A cancer occurred frequently in the lower lower third of the stomach. When the cancer was greater than 5. 1 cm in diameter, the prognosis for this group was significantly better than it was for the other two groups.
The subtype B cancer occurred mainly in the lower and upper third of the stomach. The prognosis for this group was dismal because non-curative.
The subtype C cancer appeared frequently in the middle and lower third of the stomach. The mean age of this group was significantly younger than those of the other two groups, and the mean diameter of these cancers was the least of the three groups. It was of interest that many cancers of this subtype were already advanced, although the diameter was small. The prognosis for this group was the worst of the three groups especially when the cancer was greater than 5.1cm in diameter.
This classification appears to be clinically useful for selecting the surgical procedure and predicting the progress of Borrmann type 3 gastric cancer.

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We investigated the effects on systemic blood pressure of adding norepinephrine (NE) to epidural anesthesia, and the duration of the analgesia. Blood pressure changes were significantly minimized by adding NE (5μg/ml) to mepivacaine, compared with plain mepivacaine in senior (over 65 years old) patients. Plasma NE levels increased significantly during NE-added epidural anesthesia. NE levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increased at 15 min and 30 min after epidural administration. The duration of anesthesia was significantly longer in patients who received NE-added bupivacaine.
We also investigated the effects of adding epinephrine and norepinephrine to dibucaine on the duration of spinal anesthesia and on the CSF catecholamine (CA) levels. The CSF-free NE level was 0.104 ± 0.028 ng/ml at the pre-anesthetic stage. Then it increased to 5.0 ng/ml and 1000ng/ml respectively 2 min after 1 μg or 50 μg of NE with dibucaine administration. The duration of sensory and motor blockade was significantly prolonged by 2.5μg of NE with dibucaine, but was not changed by 2.5 μg of epinephrine with dibucaine.
These data suggest that, in epidural anesthesia, NE absorbed into the blood stream helps to maintain blood pressure, and NE passed into CSF may be useful in prolonging the analgesic action of local anesthetics. In spinal anesthesia, a small added dose of NE, 2.5 μg, was enough to prolong the anesthesia. The amount of CA added to spinal anesthetic solutions should be severely restricted to prevent ischemic damage to the spinal cord.

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Pre- and postoperative complications in aged patients who had undergone gastroenterological surgery were analyzed and evaluated in 132 patients over 75 years old admitted to First Department of Surgery between 1971 and 1980. The results were compared with those of the middle aged patients (56-65 years old) hospitalized between 1979 and 1980. According to preoperative laboratory examinations, more abnormalities appeared in the aged group than in the middle aged group. Latent combined diseases and postoperative complications also occurred more frequently in the aged group than in the middle aged group.
However, the difference in the result of surgical procedures between the aged group and the middle aged group was not statistically significant.
Our results show that the countermeasures used in our department have reduced the morbidity of geriatric surgery and/or fatal complications.

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