Mitotic index (MI) and ³H-TdR labeling index (LI) were determined in hematologically normal subjects and patients with various types of anemia. The results obtained were as follows :
1) In patients with hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, or acquired sideroblastic anemia, there was no significant difference in both MI and LI of basophilic, polychromatic or total erythroblasts as compared with those in normal subjects. No significant difference was also observed in these values in patients with aplastic anemia or pernicious anemia except for significant decrease in LI or MI of total erythroblasts, respectively.
2) The lower value of LI or MI of total erythroblasts in aplastic anemia or pernicious anemia, respectively, was presumed to have been caused by the increase in number of orthochromatic erythroblasts.
3) In patients with pernicious anemia, treatment with parenteral Vit. B₁₂ resulted in a significant increase in both MI and LI of polychromatic erythroblasts to normal levels.
4) In cases of erythroleukemia, both LI and MI of basophilic or polychromatic erythroblasts were significantly lower as compared with those in normal subjects. From these results it is suggested that proliferation activity of erythroblasts is obviously reduced even in an earlier stage of the maturation.
5) Mitotic duration of the bone marrow erythroblasts was determined using stathmokinetic method in one case of pernicious anemia and 2 cases of hemolytic anemia. Among these patients, no significant difference was observed in mitotic duration and mean value was 43.6 ± 3.1 minutes. From this value the generation time of total erythroblasts was calculated as 26.3 ± 2.3 hours.
6) In all patients with above mentioned anemias and normal subjects there was significant correlation between MI and LI of total or polychromatic erythroblasts. Significant correlation was also observed between these values, both in patients with increased ineffective erythropoiesis such as pernicious anemia, erythroleukemia, acquired sideroblastic anemia and in those without increased ineffective erythropoiesis such as iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia and aplastic anemia. There was no significant correlation between MI and LI in basophilic erythroblasts. The main reason is surmised to be low cell counts. Therefore using MI, it seems to be possible to presume the proliferative activity of erythroblasts similarly to using LI. MI seems to be less accurate than LI but easy to obtain from observation of usual bone marrow smears. In the case of MI, neither³H-labeled thymidine nor specialized technique of radioautography is required.
7) There was no significant correlation between PIT in ferrokinetics and LI or MI in these patients, but in patients with high MI and LI, the RCIT tended to be high. In cases without increased ineffective erythropoiesis, MI was found to have significant correlation with both PIT and RCIT. Further investigation was required in order to be able to evaluate these results and draw a definite conclusion as to the correlation of MI and LI to ferrokinetics.
From the results above described, the changes in proliferative activity of erythropoiesis in patients with various types of anemia were discussed.

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In order to clarify the induction mechanism of LAR (late asthmatic responses), several immunological and clinical studies were performed on asthmatic patients who showed LAR, DAR (dual asthmatic responses) and IAR (immediate asthmatic responses). Results were as follows.
1) Specific IgE antibodies by RAST method, was highly detected in the peripheral blood of all three groups. In contrast, manifest differenced in IgG antibodies were not found contrast, manifest differenced in IgG antibodies were not found in three groups.
2) Changes of plasma histamine level paralled those of falls in FEV₁ in both DAR group, but not necessarily in LAR group. No significant changes were found in the time course of serum complement detected by Mayer's CH₅₀ test, although LAR group showed slightly low level one hour after the antigen inhalation tests.
3) In the presence of circulating immunocomplex (CIC) by polyethlene glycol-radial immunodiffusion's technique, there was no differences in any types of asthmatic groups, except in some patients in LAR.
4) Acid phosphatase levels in peripheral blood did elevate only in LAR group and the elevation paralled to the respiratory changes in LAR development.
5) Lung histology obtained from the patient who showed DAR development lung biopsy showed edema and congestion in the alveoli, exudates fibrin, partial infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils which suggesting the presence of Type I (IgE mediated) allergic reaction.
6) Two of 17 asthmatic patients showed LAR several hours after Acetylcholine inhalation tests. This may suggest that some of LAR can develop by not only immunological reactions but also by non-immunological mechanisms.
In summary, it was suggested that multiple factors may contribute to LAR induction although immunological factors play a mein in it.

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Immunologic status was investigated in 273 patients with breast diseases (209 cases of primary breast cancer, 32 of recurrent breast cancer and 32 of benign breast disease). Before start of treatment, we examined 14 immunologic parameters about all patients to know the immunologic status. Patients were divided into the following 4 groups : A) operation only (28 cases), B) operation + adjuvant chemotherapy (FEMP) (28 cases), C) operation + FEMP + Levamisole (28 cases), D) operation + FEMP + Krestin (28 cases).
The following results were obtained.
1. Cell-mediated immunity in breast cancer patients was kept on the same level as benign breast disease in Stage I & II, and fell down slightly in Stage III, and was impaired definitely in Stage IV & recurrence.
2. Lymphocyte blastogenesis to PHA & PHA-S were the most reliable parameters related with the breast cancer clinical staging (U.I.C.C.) and PHA skin test, peripheral lymphocyte count and T cell count ranked next place.
3. From the result of average of five parameters (peripheral lymphocyte count, T cell & B cell count and PHA & PHA-S blastogenesis), immune response in early stage (I & II) breast cancer was rather higher than in benign breast disease.
4. Immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) did not related with staging.
5. Suppression of cell-mediated immunity by radical mastectomy was very slight.
6. Immunosuppression by adjuvant chemotherapy (FEMP combination) was severe and continued for almost one month after the therapy, but when combined with Levamisole or Krestin the immunosuppressive effect was prevented and/or recovered earlier.

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The application of the computer in medicine is recent development. In radiotherapy the computer has been used for dosimetory. The dosimetory for interstitial implantation, however, has not been established clinically as yet.
In the treatment of tongue cancer, in the T1 and some T2 stages, it is recognized that a conservative treatment with Radium needle should be followed. So the dosimetory using the computer system Artronix PC-12 is applied. The planning for the Radium implant is determined by the computed dosimetory. The relation between the Radium source and distance was also studied for protection from such side effects.
The results of this study are as follows :
1) According to the computer dosimetory system, radiation dose on every face of tongue is useful for the analysis of the results of the treatment.
2) Finer dosimetory in each case was computed the time of treatment and was used for radiotherapy planning. Planning included the determination of the needling time and additional treatment.
3) An approximate formula has been established between the Radium source and the distance from the tongue. Rolled gauze was used as an isolater. The appearance of osteonecrosis of the mandibular bone was decreased using this method.

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There are already many studious reports about the biological action of static electrical field.
We examined that effect using the therapeutic apparatus with the negative 600 volts for the hospital staff, recovery persons and friends of patients who don't feel the indisposed symptom (the customary constipation, headache, heavy feeling in the head, insomina). The age of cases are 20-60 age, and the number of male and female is the same.
The therapeutic apparatus was used in principle more than 8 hours in a day at the sleep and the case used continuously it during the days and after the 10 days the case was answered using results by the answer paper.
Besides we used the therepeutic apparatus with negative 87 volts as simulation test.
We recognized that the electrical loading of the negative 600 volts is effective (danger rate is 5%) for the rescission of the indisposed symptom.

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