1 Seasonal variation was shown on whole blood group activities of gastric water-soluble fractions from Xenopus laevis and Rana catesbiana, giving the lowest activities in around January and the highest ones in autumn. Among three fractions prepared, phenol-soluble and 50% ethanol-precipitates, phenol-soluble and 90% ethanol-precipitates, and phenol-insoluble fraction, the highest blood group activities were located in the first fraction.
2. The first fraction was analyzed to be a kind of glycoprotein consisting of carbohydrate and protein as major components. Galactose, glucose, mannose, fucose, glucosamine, galactosamine were chromatographically identified in both acid-hydrolyzates with minute amount of pentose and uronic acid. The molar ratio of the component sugars, galactose : glucose : mannose : methylpentose : glucosamine : galactosamine : pentose : uronic acid was approximately 3 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 7 : 9 : 0.4 : 0. 3 in Xenopus, and 3 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 4 : 16 : 0.5 : 0.4 in Rana, The same molar ratio on preceding four sugars was fouud in the two kinds of frogs. In addition, there is little difference on kind of the component amino acids between Xenopus and Rana, among which the amount of serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, glycine and alanine were larger. Phosphate, sulphate and organic acids were also confirmed as other acidic components.

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Pancreatic islets of the soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx sinensis japonicus, have been light and electron microscopically observed.
1. In the soft-shelled turtle the islet cells occur within the exocrine acini of the pancreas making islet-cell groups in their periphery or occupying the entire space of a part of them. Between these islet-cell groups and the exocrine cells, however, there occur no fibrous boundaries consisiting of connective tissue fibers. The islet-cell groups sppear also in the basal parts of the epithelium of the excretory duct ; especially in the small ducts and the intercalated portion, the islet cells occur on the outside of their epithelium making a single layer of the islet cells, which surrounds completely the duct epithelium.
2. Islet cells of the soft-shelled turtle in azan preparations can be classified into three types, A, B, and D. A and B cells are common islet cells, while D cells are rare. A and B cells usually make their respective cell groups, though occasionally mixed groups are observed. By means of the silver impregnation method of Hellman and Hellerström (1960) argyrophil islet cells have occasionally been demonstrated within the islets, though it has been impossible to identify them as D cells.
3. In the pancreatic islets of the soft-shelled turtle average A : B ratio is 55.5% : 44.5 %, thus strikingly larger than that for the mammals, which is approximately 1 : 4. This finding may support the view that the A : B ratio is generally larger in lower vertebrates which continue their body growth after the sexual maturation.
4. In the pancreatic islet of the soft-shelled turtle no definite seasonal change has been observed in regard to the specific granule contents of both A and B cells. Glycogen has not been demonstrated in the islet cells by means of PAS-method in any season of the year. The most remarkable seasonal change of the islet of the soft-shelled turtle may be hydropic degeneration of B cells observed in the hibernation season. The degeneration appears already in October and December, becomes most intensive in January, February and March, but is promptly reduced in intensity in April. In accordance with study by Kano (1960) on the pancreatic islet of the Japanese hard-shelled turtle (Clemmys japonica), the present experiment has revealed that the hydropic degeneration of the B cell can appear physiologically in hibernating animals. But different from Kano, the auther failed to demonstrate any glycogen infiltration in hydropically degenerated B cells of the soft-shelled turtle. Thus, the view that the hydropic degeneration should be induced by glycogen infiltration into the B cell has not been supported in the present study.
5. In regard to the ultrastructural properties of the specific granule the islet cells of the soft-shelled turtle can be classified also into A, B and D cells, and further B cells into B₁ and B₂ cells. B₁ cells are rare, while B₂ cells are numerous and common.
6. Each α-granule (approximately 250-400mμ in diameter) consists of a smooth membrane sac and an electron dense spherical core, and between the two components, there exists, contrary to α-granules of other animal species, a considerably wide light space. The spherical core frequently shows an irregular outline and more or less conspicuous density decrease, probably suggesting the intracytoplasmic dissolution.
7. Specific granules of B₁ cells, the largest specific ones, in the islet cells of the soft shelled turtle, measuring approximately 500-890mμ in diameter, each consist of a smooth membranous sac and one or several rod-shaped crystalline cores contained loosely in it.

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The authors carried out the epidemiological and bacteriological observation on the food poisoning occurred in the areas covering Gunma, Saitama, Tochigi and Nagano Prefectures, The poisoning was caused by a Japanese food “DAIFUKU MOCHI” in September, 1968.
Epidemiological observations have revealed that the incubation period ranged from 3 to 5 hours, and the disease was characterized by diarrhea, stomachache and vomiting.
From the causative food, it was detected that Staphylococcus aureus of ca. 10⁸ per gram were contained in Part of MOCHI. Staphylococcus aureus was also isolated from the stools of 78 per cent of the patients, from throat swabs of 80 per cent of the persons who prepared the food, and from the belt conveyer for preparation of the food. They were identified as phage type 7 and penicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus by phage typing and drug-resistance examinations.
These facts indicate that the contamination with Staphylococcus aureue was occurred in the course of the manufacturing process of “DAIFUKU MOCHI”,

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Action potentials from a single nerve preparation were recorded in a electric field covered with mineral oil through bipolar or monopolar lead, and their forms were discussed. The single nerve was obtained from terminal Pacinian corpuscle preparation of the cat's mesentery. Namely, the preparation with a length of senory axon was free by dissection from mesenteic tissue and set up for mechanical stimulation. Conductive action potential originating at the corpuscle was recorded through one pair of platinum electrode or unipolar lead in the oil pool.
When the bipolar lead was applied, its potential showed the triphasic. After cutting central end of the nerve, then it changed into diphasic potential. If the unipolar lead was used, the potential showed the diphasic and after cutting, it changed into monophasic potential. The above reasons were demonstrated and explained by using the electrochemical model, Yamagiwa Lillie's nerve model and Matumoto's nerve model.

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