The presence and distribution of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were studied immunohistochemically in surgical and autopsy specimens from 130 human brain neoplasms. 115 cases of them were investigated in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue, using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method, and in 37 cases cryostat sections were studied by direct immunoperoxidase or indirect immunoperoxidase method. In a case of astrocytoma immunoelectron microscopy was carried out to establish the ultrastructural localization of GFAP. The antisera raised against S-100 protein from bovine brain and GFAP from human astrocytoma in rabbits were used.
Both paraffin and cryostat sections were investigated for GFA and S-100 proteins. Similar staining patterns were obtained, but cryostat sections demonstrated finer staining figures. By electron microscopy the reactive product for GFAP was found on glial filaments and diffusely throughout cytoplasm of neoplastic astrocyte.
Positive immunostaining for GFA and S-100 proteins was observed in the glial neoplasms. Constituent cells of astrocytoma were found to contain S-100 protein in their nuclei and cytoplasms. GFAP was present in perikarya and processes. Rosenthal fibers and rounded granulated bodies showed different staining patterns for both protains. In malignant astrocytoma GFAP-negative small anaplastic cells were intermingled with positive neoplastic astrocytes, but some of the negative cells were stained for S-100 protein. Glioblastoma demonstrated variable immunoreactivity for both proteins from cell to cell and from case to case. In subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, most component cells stained for S-100 protein, but most of the component giant cells were negative for GFAP. In oligodendroglioma, immunoreactive material for GFAP was present in scanty cytoplasms of some tumor cells showing clear halo, and most cells were positive for S-100 protein. In mixed oligoastrocytoma a varying number of pale cells comprising area of oligodendroglioma showed similar staining pattern for GFAP. The finding suggests the presence of cells forms intermediate between oligodendroglia and astrocyte. In ependymoma, fine cytoplasmic processes forming perivascular pseudorosette were positive for both proteins, but the cells forming ependymal rosette were negative. A network of glial fibers constituting basic architecture of subependymoma was stained for both proteins, however some of the small component cells were negative for GFAP. In medulloblastoma, GFAP and S-100 protein-positive cells with processes were found around the stroma. In a case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma, cells staining for both proteins were present in pale area.
In neuronal cell tumors, neuroblasts and mature nerve cells did not contain these proteins, but in a cerebral neuroblastoma S-100 protein-positive cells with long processes were found around blood vessels.
S-100 protein was present in the component cells of neurilemmoma and choroid plexus papilloma. In 6 of 33 cases of meningioma, neoplastic cells contained S-100 protein, and in another 3 cases astrocytic cells with staining for both S-100 protein and GFAP were found in the stroma. Stromal cells in hemangioblastoma were negative for GFAP, although the tumor had scattered groups and fibers positive for both proteins.
Osteochondroma and malignant melanoma were the other types of tumors which contained S-100 protein. Tumor cells of pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, malignant lymphoma, germinoma and metastatic carcinoma did not contain either S-100 protein or GFAP.
It is considered that the investigation of localization of S-100 protein and GFAP in brain neoplasms is helpful for classifying and precise identification.

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1) A mass screening for prostatic disease among men over 60years old was carried out in two cities, five towns and two villages in Gunma prefecture in 1981 and 1982.
2) The number of persons examined was 1659. Among 1659 examind, 171 were screened by the first examination (asking history, digital rectal palpation and measurement of serum PAP, RIA). Among the 171 men screened, 18 prostatic cancer patients, who corresponded to 1.1% of the persons examined, were detected by the second screening examination (prostatic biopsy, urethrography etc.). 64 BPH patients, who needed treatment, were also detected by this mass screening.
3) This result apparently indicate that the mass screening for prostatic disease holds a very important position in the countermeasure for various diseases of aged men and the nationwide mass screening for prostatic disease should be carried out in the very near future.

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The animal experiment clearly demonstrated that regional hypothermia protect the renal damage suffered from temporary renal ischemia, judging from both ATPase activity in microsomal fraction and O₂ consumption in mitochondrial fraction in rabbit kidney.
34 patients with complicated nephrolithiasis were operated under regional renal hypothermia. The average renal ischemic time of hypothermia treated cases with complicated nephrolithiasis was 89.8 ± 35.2 minutes as compared to 40.4 ± 10.3 minutes in operated under normothermia, that is, the former is twice as long as the latter. Nevertheless, the postoperative recovery of renal function in hypothermia treated cases, checked with renogram and IVP, was the same as that in normothermia treated cases.

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Metastases to lymphnodes, lymphangitic invasion and the mode of spread of carcinoma into mucosal layer are the most important factors influencing on the prognosis of early gastric cancer. Two hundred and ninetythree cases of early gastric cancer were studied, all of which received surgical resection during the period from January 1965 to November 1982. They were investigated according to clinicopathologic factors and compared between m-group and sm-group. The sm group were further divided into the following three subtypes; 1) slight infiltrative type which has minute and partial submucosal invasion (sm₁), 2) moderate infiltrative type which is an intermediated type and has invasion down to the mid-submucosal layer (sm₂), and 3) deep infiltrative type which has deep and massive invasion almost adjacent to the proper muscle (sm₃).
The results obtained were as follows :
1) Metastasis to lymphnodes was present in 2.2% of the patients of sm₁ and in 16.4% of the patients of sm₂, and in 58% of the patients of sm₃.
2) Lymphangitic invasion was noted in 14.9% of sm₁, in 39% of sm₂ and in 75% of sm₃.
3) The prognosis of sm-group were influenced by the presence of metastasis to lymphnodes and lymphangitic invasion. The survial rate of such cases was about 70% at ten years.

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The effect of PS-K on long-term survival of primary lung cancer patients irradiated over 60 Gy through 1977 to 1982 was studied. PS-K was administrated orally 3.0 g, daily or intermittently in the pattern of 2 weeks per a month on patients of positive PPD skin test.
All cases irradiated over 60 Gy were 174 (Group A) containing 62 cases with PS-K (Group B) and 112 cases without PS-K (Group C). Of group B, 44 cases were administrated within a month after curative irradiation (Group B1), 7 cases were administrated on time maintaining long-term good condition after irradiation (Group B 2) and 11 cases were administrated after recognition of recurrence or metastasis (Group B3). Following results were obtained.
1. Obvious prolongation of survivals was recognized in the patients with PS-K after irradiation.
(1) The cumurative 5 years survival rates of Group A, B 1 and C were 11.0%, 28.8% and 4.8%, respectively.
(2) The cumurative 5 years survival rates of stage I, ll were 45.7% with PS-K and 10.7% without PS-K.
(3) The cumurative 5 years survuval rates of 21 cases matched age, sex, stage, histological type and tumor dose with and without PS-K were 37.8% and 7.2%.
(4) In Group B 2, 5 cases out of 7 cases have been alived, but in Group B 3, satisfactory long-term survivals ware not obtained.
2. The necessary conditions which obtain long-term survival with PS-K were thought to be follows. One is that the tumor is brought almost to vanish by irradiation. Another is that the condition of host is superior to that of tumor in host-tumor relationship.
3. The possibility of intermittent administration of PS-K was suggested.

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A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of polyarthralgia and petechia on the soles and palms.
He was well until September 1979, when pain developed in all proximal interphalangeal joints and bilateral knee joints. Indomethacin and flufenamic acid were administrated by a home doctor under the diagnosis of possible rheumatoid arthritis, but arthralgia persisted.
Three days after the beginning of treatment, petechia developed on the soles and palms. He was admitted to the hospital in November 1979. On admission, his body temperature elevated to 37.3°C. Physical examination showed no abnormal findings except the petechia on the soles and the palms.
Blood pressure was 150/90mmHg. Routine laboratory examinations showd moderate proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) accelerated to 54mm/hr, and slight anemia was observed. CRP and RA test were positive. For the petechia, a skin biopsy and provocative test wer performed and a diagnois of allergic vasculitis due to the indomethacin was made. A percutaneous renal biopsy revealed the slight mesangial proliferation and the thickening of small arterial walls with partial lgA deposition.
After the admission he received only the injection of gold sol, and polyarthralgia and petechia disappeared gradually. He discharged in December 1979. He had received no medication thereafter.
In February 1980, he was readmitted to the hospital because of nausea and vomiting, but no arthralgia nor petechia. In laboratory examination, serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine elevated to 38mg/dl, 4.8mg/dl, respectively, and urinalysis showed proteinuria (1.3g/day) and numerous red blood cells in sediment. After the admission, the second percutaneous renal biopsy was performed. On the microscopic study, hyalinization, crescent formation and moderate proliferative changes in glomeruli were observed, associated with focal cellular infiltration and fibrosis in the interstitial area. On immuno-fluorescent study, massive depositions of lgG β₁C and C₁ q were observed on the mesangial area. Lumpy fibrin deposition was also observed in the Bowman's space of some glomeruli. Prednisolone 30mg and cyclophosphamide 50mg daily were administrated under the diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and followed by the improvement in serum level of creatinine and excretion of urinary protein. He was discharged in May 1980, with a daily administrations of 10mg of prednisolone and 50mg of cyclophosphamide. Although up to the present, we cann't define a disease which is explainable all the varied clinical course and the signs of the patient, it was suggested the presence of an autoimmune process in the course of the patient.

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A 40-year-old para II, gravida IV entered the hospital in 37 pregnant weeks. She was in mild labor and at the cervix was dilated three finger's breadth, but the membrane was not ruptured. The next morning the labor became weak, so she was given Atonin 0 5 units with glucose. At 15 minutes after medication, she suddenly became in agony. She delivered an 3, 730g living female infant (forceps delivery). Plasma, glucose, blood, and oxygen were administered, but the patient died. The final clinical diagnosis was shock of unknown origin.
Macroscopically, no gross findings were noted except shock kidneys, aspiration of stomach contents and generalized passive congestion of all organs.
Microscopically, the final diagnosis was pulmonary embolism by amniotic fluid and decidua.The majority of the pulmonary arteries, arterioles, and capillaries contained amniotic fluid components -epithelial squamae, fat, mucus, and lanugo hairs. Aggregation of leukocytes, platelet-and fibrin thrombi were also present in the vascular lumina. Decidual emboli were found not only in the alveolar spaces, but also in the vascular lumina.

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