In order to evaluate the hypotheses implicating unilateral hemispheric dysfunction or interhemispheric disconnection in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, a series of experiments were carried out which examined performances of schizophrenics and normal controls on cognitive tasks of various sensory modalities such as 1) manual discrimination of sandpaper texture, 2) manual discrimination of weights, 3) manual recognition of random-shaped objects and 4) visual identification and matching of letters and shapes (divided visual field technique).
Results of the first three experiments on manual tasks were straightforward supporting neither of these hypotheses. On the other hand, the last divided visual field experiments yielded rather complicated and inconsistent results. In one series, results were partly in agreement with the left hemisphere dysfunction and interhemispheric disconnection hypotheses, while in another series, results were rather in accordance with the right hemisphere dysfunction hypothesis but quite inconsistent with the disconnection hypothesis. The major reason for the contradictions between both series was presumed to be the different visual angles of stimulus presentation. Furthermore, on dividing the subjects into right-eyed and left-eyed subgroups, a striking difference emerged between the two, suggesting that the latter has a less lateralized, diffuse brain organization, as do schizophrenic patients on the whole.
Altogether, our study casts doubt on the lateralized hemisphere dysfunction and interhemispheric disconnection hypotheses, instead favoring the diffuse brain organization hypothesis of schizophrenia.

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Plasma membrane preparations were isolated from mononuclear leukocytes obtained from 18 children with IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), 9 healthy children, and 8 normal adults.Their β-adrenergic receptor (β-receptor) was studied using ¹²⁵I-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol (¹²⁵I-IHYP) as a radioligand. The β-receptor densiy in the mononuclear leukocytes of the IDDM patients was found to be decreased (Bmax = 27.6 ± 2.0 fmol ¹²⁵I-IHYP/mg protein : mean ± SE) compared with those of normal children (40.4 ± 3.5) and normal adults (36.9 ± 2.1), while no significant difference was seen in the density between normal children and adults. There were no significant differences in the binding affinities among those groups. When the IDDM patients were divided into groups on the basis of their blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl) levels, group B patients (HbAl≥10%, n=9) had smaller receptor densities in the leukocytes than group A patients (HbAl<10%, n=9). In IDDM patients, a negative correlation was found between the receptor density and blood levels of glucose or HbAl, while no correlation was observed between the receptor density and plasma catecholamines, free insulin or glucagon.
As group B patients had high blood levels of both HbAl and glucose, the decrease in the recepter density might be a homeostatic response for restoring the poorly-controlled hyperglycemic state to normoglycemia.

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In a previous study, murine skin sclerosis was induced with low-sulfated heparan sulfate (LSHS) which was isolated from the urine of patients with systemic scleroderma. In addition, patients with severe systemic scleroderma showed high values of urinary LSHS-related protein. The present investigation demonstrated cell-surface LSHS-related protein by flow cytometry, using anti-LSHS-related protein rabbit antiserum (1 : 32).
As a result, the cell-surface LSHS-related protein showed reproducible fluorescence intensity distinct from controls treated with unimmunized rabbit serum. In addition, bleomycin, which is able to induce skin sclerosis in man and animals, enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the cell-surface LSHS-related protein. This result suggests that bleomycin-induced skin sclerosis may be mediated by LSHS. In contrast, heparan sulfate from bovine kidney decreased that of LSHS-related protein. Sera from patients with systemic scleroderma as well as from normal controls failed to influence significantly the cell-surface LSHS-related protein.

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The induction of β-lactamase and β-lactam resistance in Enterobacter cloacae were studied using clinical isolates and mutants with altered activity or inducibility of β-lactamase.
The majority of clinical strains tested were able to produce β-lactamase inducibly and the amount of increase of enzyme production was 20-to 350-fold in the presence of an inducer (ampicillin). The production of β-lactamase began to increase within 10 minutes after addition of the inducer and the increase continued linearly for at least 1 hour in exponentially growing cells. The amount of induced enzyme paralleled the drug concentration used.
The inducer activities of different β-lactams were different from each other and did not directly relate to the stability against the induced β-lactamase or to the M I C of the β-lactams.Even β-lactamase-susceptible drugs like piperacillin showed low MICs on the inducible strain when these drugs showed no inducer- activity for β-lactamase production. The results obtained revealed that the antibacterial activity of a β-lactam in E. cloacae is a sum of the following 4 activities : 1) permeability into the cell, 2) inhibitory activity against the target proteins (penicillin-binding proteins), 3) resistance to β-lactamase, and 4) inducibility of β-lactamase.

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Morbidity and mortality are not negligible when emergency surgical procedure is performed on patients with U.C. who are suffering a severe attack. Many attempts have been made to cure such patients. Among them, intraarterial administration of Prednisolone through selective catheterization of the mesenteric vessels has produced favorable responses.
In the present paper, the value of such treatment is evaluated through three cases which we have experienced. One of these cases showed a dramatic improvement after two administrations. The first patient was relieved of abdominal pain immediately after the first treatment, and no bloody stool was observed longer than 24 hours after the first injection. The second patient was discharged without surgical procedure one month after an effective single shot. The third patient was diagnosed as toxic megacolon, and colon gas was decreased by the first injection. However, two subsequent injections were ineffective, and ileostomy was required.
In conclusion, the intraarterial injection of steroid for severe attack of U.C. is considered to be valuable in that the clinical signs and symptoms are dramatically improved and that even in the case of moribund condition, a scheduled operation can be expected after several trial injections.

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The correlation between hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value was studied, as follows. 1) By x²-test and NED-test, hemoglobin concentrations of random samples were determined, and hemoglobin concentrations showed a normal distribution with the former test, but not with the latter. 2) Average values of hemoglobin concentrations in men and women were compared by T-test, and Cr-test. 3) The arithmetric means of hemoglobin concentrations for each ten-year age group and F values were tested. 4) Confidence intervals for averages of population values were estimated. 5) Confidence limits of variance of nearly normal distribution were estimated. 6) Linear regression, correlation, confidence interval of regression coefficient and significance for hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were tested. 7) Coefficients of correlation between sample and population were compared as to their significance. 8) Spearman's rank correlation was examined.

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Cardiac catheterization is the most reliable examination in the accurate diagnosis of pediatric heart disease. In our center 550 cases of heart disease in whom the age ranged from newborm infant to 15 years old, the mean age being 3 year 8 months, were examined between July 1982 and August 1985.
The procedures for catheterization were right heart in 374 and left heart in 360 cases. Balloon atrio-septostomy (BAS) was done in 18 cases, most of which involved complete transposition of the great artery. Selective coronary arteriography performed on 167 cases with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome revealed various abnormalities including aneurysm, dilatation, obstruction and stenosis of coronary arteries.
The kinds of pediatric heart disease appear to have been changing recently, because of declining rheumatic heart disease and increasing mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

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In experiments on natural and artificial pulmonary metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma, correlation coefficients between the number of pulmonary nodules and lung weight were found to be between 0.712 and 0.995. These were between 0.716 and 0.996 in experiments with highly metastatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma (Gunma clone-4). These findings indicate that lung weight is significantly correlated with the number of pulmonary nodules (P <0.01). It is suggested that lung weight is better than number of pulmonary nodules as parameter for pulmonary metastases when pulmonary nodules become too numerous for accurate enumeration.

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A case of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm treated by interruption of the abdominal aorta is reportod.
A 58-year-old man complained of severe abdominal and back pain and pulsatile abdominal tumor. His lower extremities had been amputated bilaterally at the age of 29 years, because of thromboangitis obliterans. Preoperative enhanced CT confirmed reptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
On surgery, a large aneurysm located between the renal arteries and aortic bifurcation, penetrating into the retroperitoneal cavity. In addition, bilateral external iliac and left internal iliac arteries were occluded. Therefore, the abdominal aorta was transected and closed just below the renal arteries, and the right internal iliac artery was ligated. In spite of the acute interruption of the blood flow to lower extremities, the patient recovered completely after the operation.
This type of operation for adbominal aortic aneurysm is very rare only available to patients with severe arteriosclerosis obliterans and/or thromboangitis obliterans in their lower extremities.

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