Ito's fat-storing cells in the rat liver were examined both as freeze-replicas and thin sections under the lipid repleting condition of the cell induced by the administration of vitamin A. Increased lipid droplets were fractured either with a depression surface or a bulge, on which a few thin, fractured layer piles were observed. Some of them were consisted of a number of concentric, thin lamellae of the layer, which clearly revealed, their multilayered structure in replicas. Lipid droplets exhibiting a flat fractured surface with a coarse, rugged structure were also observed. Besides these structures, there appeared lipid droplets exhibiting heterogeneity : one with a lamellar structure only at the periphery, or others containing two or three irregularly shaped spherules in a droplet with a lamellar structure respectively. At the time of fusion of each lipid droplet in Ito's cell, some peripheral thin layers fused with each other and continuity of the attached droplets occurred, and in some cases a club-like protrusion from one side of the fused droplet to the other was observed. Many figures corresponding to those of freeze-replicas were ascertained also by means of the thin sections. The results of this study suggest that these lipid droplets with lamellar structure may contain phospholipids, and it is considered that the vitamin A (retinol) incorporated in these lamellar lipid droplets of Ito's cell may arrange and be stored themselves among the phospholipid molecules. Distribution frequency of pores on the nuclear envelope of Ito's cell is less than that of hepatocytes. Concerning the Kupffer cells, they have a tendency to make small sparsely distributed groups of nuclear pores and they are less numerous than the Ito's cell. On the surface of Ito's cell many pinocytotic invaginations were found and intramembranous particles were most frequent on the P face and tended to form distinct clusters in some cases.

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The author, having measured with time cyclic nucleotides, in the plasma of normally mature neonates, have earlier published a report on the possibility of cyclic nucleotides being involved in the mechanisms of adaptability after birth. This time, the following findings are obtained as cyclic nucleotides in the plasma and organs have been measured with time.
1) Both cAMP and cGMP levels in the plasma of naturally delivered rats rapidly dropped immediately after their birth, and the value in the sixth hour proved significantly lower than the value registered immediately after birth. Both cAMP and cGMP on the sixth day were significantly affected by stress at the time of blood sampling.
2) The lung turned out to be the only organ in which the cAMP level in the sixth hour was significantly lower than that which had been marked immediately after birth. No significant difference was noted in respect to the alimentary tract, kidney and muscles, whereas a rise in the cAMP level was noted for the liver. On the other hand, the cGMP levels proved significantly lower in the sixth hour for the five organs than those immediately after birth, and this coincides with the pattern of changes in the plasma. The cGMP levels for the five organs in the sixth day are the same as or lower than those in the sixth hour.
Given these findings, it might be concluded that cyclic nucleotides are involved in the mechanisms of adaptability after birth.

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Large quantities of zinc are found in the human prostate, which increase in prostates with benign prostatic hypertrophy, excluding levels found in prostates with carcinoma. Zinc concentration in the outer capsular zone is equal to that found in the prostate with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Determination of zinc concentration in the prostate is a usefull method for the study of prostatic carcinoma.
In our experiment, zinc concentration was greatest in the cytosole fraction (65%), the crude nuclei fraction also contained significant amounts. Zinc distribution in the extra-and intra-nuclei fraction were determined by Triton X 100 treatment for the crude nuclei fraction.
Zinc in the prostate is of two types : binding zinc and free zinc. After dialysis treatment for 24 hours, binding zinc made up approximately 60% of the total zinc in the cytosole fraction and the ratio (binding zinc/free zinc) did not change for over 24 hours. Sephadex G 25 column chromatography showed that binding zinc was bound to protein.
Arginase activity in the cytosole fraction was inhibited by Zn⁺⁺, This inhibitory action reflected Zn⁺⁺ concentration and this was prevented or reversed by Mn⁺⁺.

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In order to produce gastric carcinoma at certain particular regions, the submucosal implantation of agar pellets containing ENNG was performed.
Agar pellets containing ENNG were surgically embedded in the gastric submucosa of two dogs (No. 1, No. 2). As a control, a dog (No. 3) received the same operation with embedding of agar pellets without containing ENNG. After operation, all dogs (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3) also received oral administration of ENNG. Gastroscopic biopsy was carried out under general anesthesia at intervals of two or three weeks.
Dog No. 3 (control) died on the 17 th week by unknown cause Autopsy showed no abnormal findings on the gastric mucosa and agar pellets retained original form in the gastric submucosa.
Dog No. 1 (ENNG 10 mg/pellet) was found to have hyperplastic polyps on the anterior and posterior walls of the gastric corpus on the 10th week This dog is now alive and gastroscopic observation is continued.
Dog No. 2 (ENNG 20 mg/pellet) was found to have a depressed lesion on the posterior wall of the lower part of the gastric corpus on the 10 th week. Total gastric resection was perfomed on the 28 th week. By histological examination, type IIc early gastric cancer-like lesion was detected at the depressed lesion. This lesion corresponded to the place at where an agar pellet containing ENNG was embedded. Other regions embedded with pellets also showed a remarkable tendency to have the atypia
It was concluded that the submucosal implantation of agar pellets containing ENNG had effects to promote carcinogenesis on the gastric mucosa.

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A 61-year-old man with marked eosinophilic leukocytosis who complained of gait disturbance and dementia was presented. The clinical studies and autopsy findings were compatible with eosinophilic leukemia.
At autopsy, in addition to marked enlargement of the liver and spleen, there were slight enlargement of the lymph nodes. Marked eosinophilic infiltration of the bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph nodes was observed by light microscope.
Most of the eosinophils had mature type nuclei being sometimes hypersegmented, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Eosinophilic myelocyte and metamyelocyte were also found in the peripheral blood. Upon electron microscopic study of the eosinophile, the granules exhibiting various stages of development were observed in mature type eosinophil with multi-lobular nucleus. The eosinophile exhibited asynchronous maturation between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
In addition to mural thrombus of both ventricles, there were multiple thrombosis of small arteries and arterioles. Consequently infarctions of the heart, spleen, brain and kedneys, and ulceration of the colon and small intestine occurred in this case. It is considered that both thromboembolism from the mural thrombus in the heart and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to eosinophilic leukemia may be the causes of the multiple thrombosis.

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According to previous literature, about 230 cases of “limy bile” have been represented by 1980 in Japan.
But it is extremely rare to find the “limy bile” cases in a lot of the operative cholelithiasis.
In our hospital, 434 cases have been diagnosed cholelithiasis and operated in the past ten years., in these, we have experienced two cases of “limy bile” (A 24-year old female and a 25 year old female) (0.46%).
It is possible to diagnose “limy bile” preoperatively by means of radiological findings and ultrasonography.
Two cases were presented and literal study were added.

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