In normal sexual cycle, oxygen consumption of the diencephalon, ovary, uterus, vagina, adrenal and thyroid of rat was measured by the manometric technique of Warburg, with the following results :
1) Qo₂ (oxygen uptake in microlitres per milligram dry weight of tissue per hour) of the diencephalon was the highest in the proestrus stage, and nearly on the same level in the estrus and diestrus stage.
2) Qo₂ of the ovary showed scarcely any difference except that it was slightly higher in the proestrus and the estrus stage than in the diestrus stage. The ovarian weight did not show any remarkable change through all the stages.
3) Qo₂ of the uterus was the highest in the proestrus arid low in the estrus and the diestrus stage. The uterine weight attained the maximum in the proestrus stage.
4) Qo, of the vagina was the highest in the proestrus stage samely as that of the uterus, but there was no remarkable difference between the estrus and the proestrus stage.
5) Qo₂ of the adrenal was equal in the diestrus and the proestrus stage, and in the estrus stage it was rather high. Also the weight of the adrenal increased in the estrus stage.
6) Qo₂ of the thyroid was the highest in the proestrus stage, and lowered in the estrus stage, but remained a little higher than in the diestrus stage. No remarkable change was observed in the thyroid weight.

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Oxygen consumptions of various organs were determined with a Warburg manometer in pregnancy, parturition and puerperium, and also that of the placenta in prolonged pregnancy induced by the administration of progesterone.
1) Changes of Qo₂ of the diencephalon, body of the uterus, thyroid, kidney, adrenal and placenta were statisticaly significant, but those of the ovary, fetal membrane, cervix of the uterus and liver were not significant.
2) Qo₂ of the diencephalon was elevated already on the 15th day of pregnancy, attaining the maximum on the 21st. It was decreased in parturition, later tended to decrease slightly, and approached the normal level on the 3rd puerperal day.
3) Qo₂ of the ovary did not show any significant change during the whole course, but tended to be higher on the 15th day of pregnancy and in puerperium, and lower in parturition.
4) Qo₂ of the body of the uterus was elevated already on the 15th day of pregnancy, remarkably elevated further on the 21st, lowered in parturition, and still more in puerperium, but remained on the same level with that on the 15th day.
5) Qo₂ of the cervix of the uterus did not change significantly, showing nearly the same tendency as that of the body of the uterus, except only that decrease in parturition was greater in the cervix than in the body.
6) In parturition, Qo₂ of the body of the uterus was remarkably higher than that of the cervix of the uterus.
7) Oxgen consumption tended to show linear increase both in the body and the cervix of the uterus with progession from the normal period through pregnancy, parturition and puerperium.
8) Qo₂ of the placenta showed linear decrease with the advance of ppregnancy, and placental weight showed linear increase. Oxygen consumption per one placenta increased with the advance of pregnancy, but was lower in parturition than in later pregnancy. It was increased linearly on the 10th, 15th and 20th, but tended to decrease with the lapse of time in parturition.
9) When pregnancy was prolonged by the injection of progesteron, Qo₂ of the placenta on the 23rd of pregnancy was higher than in parturition and normal later pregnancy (on the 21st day). This was the same with oxygen consumption per one placenta, which continued linear increase in prolonged as in normal pregnancy.
10) Qo₂ of the fetal membrane did not show any significant change, exhibiting only slight tendency of decrease in parturition.
11) Qo₂ of the adrenal increased during pregnancy, attaining the maximum on the 21st day, decreased in parturition, again rose at 24 puerperal hours, and slightly lowered on the 3rd puerperal day.
12) Qo₂ of the thyroid on the 15th and 21st day of pregnancy showed gradual increase, but decreased in parturition, and in puerperium it was on the same level as on the 15th day pregnancy.
13) Qo₂ of the liver did not show significant difference between these stages, but tended to be lower from the 21st day of pregnancy, to hours post delivery, especially in parturition.
14) Qo₂ of the kidney significantly decreased during pregnancy. It still more decreased in parturition, and the some level as that in pregnancy was recovered in puerperium.

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Immature rats were administered various hormones, and oxygen uptakes of various organs were determined with a Warburg manometer, with the following results.
1) When PMS was administered, Qo₂ for uterus and vagina increased significantly, those for diencephalon, ovary and thyroid tended to increase but not significantly, and that for adrenal showed scarcely any change. The computed value for hypophysis was evidently higher than that for the control.
2) After the administration of CG, Qo₂ significantly increased in the uterus, was scarcely altered in diencephalon and adrenal, tended to increase in vagina and hypophysis, and to decrease in ovary and thyroid, but not significantly in any of these four organs.
3) After the administration of estradiol benzoate, Qo₂ tended to rise in diencephalon and uterus, and to decrease in vagina, thyroid and adrenal, but not significantly. In ovary, Qo₂ fell significantly, and in also hypophysis it was low.
4) After the administration of progesterone, Qo₂ did not show any remarkable change in ovary, tended to increase in diencephalon, uterus and vagina, and to decrease in hypophysis, thyroid and adrenal, but not significantly.
5) After the administration of testosterone propionate, Qo₂ significantly decreased in ovary and adrenal, and tended to increase in diencephalon, uterus and vagina, and to decrease in thyroid and hypophysis, but not significantly.
6) After the administration of methylestrenolone, Qo₂ tended to increase in diencephalon, and to decrease in ovary, uterus, thyroid, adrenal and hypophysis, but not significantly in any of these organs. It showed scarcely any change is vagina.
7) After the administration of estradiol benzoate and progesterone in succession, Qo₂ tended to increase slightly in diencephalon, to decrease in ovary and uterus, but showed scarcely any remarkable change in uterus, thyroid, adrenal and hypophysis.
8) After the concurrent administration of estradiol benzoate and progesterone, Qo₂ tended to rise in diencephalon and uterus, and to fall slightly in thyroid, adrenal and hypophysis, but not si gnificantly. There was no change in Qo₂ for ovary and vagina.
9) After the concurrent administration of estradiol benzoate and testosterone propionate, Qo₂ tended to increase slightly in diencephalon and uterus, and to decrease in ovary, hypophysis, thyroid and adrenal, but not significantly in any of them. There was no change in Qo₂ in vagina.
10) All the hormones used in the present experiments produced remarkable increase over controls in the weights of uterus and vagina. This was observed also when progesterone, methylestrenolone or testosterone was given without pretreatment with estrogen. The administration of PMS increased the weight of ovary to about 5 times the control, and the administration of CG to about 4 times. And in both cases, growth of follicle and formation of corpus luteum were observed.
11) Correlation between the weight of the organ and Qo₂ could not be recognized.
12) It was reported in the previous paper that there was no remarkable difference in Qo₂ of ovary between normal sexual cycle, pregnancy, parturition and puerperium. This was in agreement with the present result that no change was produced in this value by any hormone except estrogen, which elicited decrease.
13) Change in Qo₂ as reported in the previous paper during normal sexual cycle, pregnancy, parturition and puerperium can sometimes be explained by estrogen or other hormones released in respective periods but not always. And some other factors are supposed to be involved in it.

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Case I. A female, 56 years of age, was admitted under the diagnosis of Weil's disease. On the 7 th hospital day she began to complain of severe pain in the epigastrium, followed by rapid deterioration of the general condition, and died 15 days after the onset of jaundice. At necropsy, massive areas of hemorrhagic necrosis in the left lobe of the liver and widespread irregular-shared ulceration of the gastric mucosa were found.
Case II. A man, aged 23, was admitted with chief complaints of anemia and jaundice. The following day, his symptome became worse and he lapsed into coma and died 4 months after the onset. Necropsy revealed a golf-ball-sized spherical zone of hemorrhage in the upper lobe of the left lung.
In both cases, blood vessels included in the necrotic lesions were filled with clots containing erythrocytes, leucocytes and fibrin. The fungus-like organismus were present within the luminae and in the walls of these thrombosed vessels, and in the surrounding necrotic tissue. These organismus were branching, nonseptal hyphae from 30 to 50 microns in length and 10 to 15 microns in width. Without unsuccessful cultivation, it was considered that the fungi noted in both cases were to be identified as Mucormyces because of their shape and of charactristic tissue response to the fungus.

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Antigenic relation between Shigella dysenteriae 2 and Escherichiacoli O 112 a, c. especially with regard to O antigen, is not yet established, since there is diffence between results of experiments obtained by different workers on this problem.
The author compared antigens of S. dysenteriae 2 and E. coli O 112 a. c with regard to the fact that O antigen of the former is variable according to the strain.
1. S. dysenteriae 2 can be divided into 2 subserotypes according to the antigenic structure of O. Standard strains Fuchu and Ew 2 represent them, respectively.
2. Out of O antigens of S. dysenteriae 2, that of the Ew 2 type strain is perfectly identical with that of E. coli O 112 a, c but not O antigens of the Fuchu type strains, which contain antigenica factor specific to each strain in addition to a factor common to the both type.
3. The Fuchu type strains of S. dysenteriae 2 are converted into the Ew 2 strains through antigenic conversion of O.

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High percent of Shigella isolated recently in Japan is resistant to sulfanilamide (S). Shigella resistant to streptomycin (SM) or tetracycline (TC) has been isolated in Japan from 1951. Since the first isolation of SM, TC, S and chloramphenicol (CM) resistant Shigella, such multi-drugs resistant Shigellas are increasing in Japan. The isolations of 37 and 193 strains of such multi-drugs resistant Shigella were reported in 1957 and 1958 respectively.
In 1959, 1224 strains of Shigella were isolated in Gunma Prefecture and 141 strains (11.5%) were drug resistant. 137 strains among the drug-resistant 141 strains were four drugs or three drugs resistant : namely multi-drugs resistant. From these results it will be concluded that the drug-resistance is moving rapidly to the side of multi-drugs resistance. This is the big problem from the standpoint of both epidemiology and bacterial genetics.

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Adult Wistar rats (150-200g) were subjected to the experiment. Left adrenalectomy f ollowed by enucleation of the right gland (AE) was performed under ether anaesthesiaand the urinary 17-ketosteroids per 24 hours (17-KS) was determined. The influence of bilateraladrenalectomy was also investigated for comparison.
(1) 17-KS value in agreement with the results of bilateral adrenalectomy was very low at the 4th day after AE.
(2) This low value was followed by a rapid recovery and the normal value was restored at 10 days or so after AE.
(3) There was difference in the reactivity of 17-KS concentration against the exogenic ACTH between earlier (4 to 10 postoperative days) and latter (50 to 60 postoperative days) stages of regeneration. In the former stage 17-KS concentration was not aff ected by the administered ACTH, while in case of the latter it was elevated, especially at the last day of this stage to significantly high level.
(4) The recovery of 17-KS after AE was suppressed by the administration of DOCA and cortisol.
From the results of the present experiments, the socalled zonal theory was discussed.

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141 strains of Shigella flexneri were isolated in Gunma Prefecture and divided into three main phage-types (A, B and C). Five bacteriophage were isolated from natural sources such as filtrates of sewage, dung water and animal feces (duck, fowl, ostrick, dog, fox, bear), and were used for typing. However the standard strain of Shigella flexneri 2a (Ew-10) did not belong to any of the above-mentioned three phage-types.
The strains that were isolated from the cases of family infection and the ones isolated from the same epidemy were found to have the same phage-type.
The variant with antigenic variation from 2b to 2a was obtained by cultivating 2b strains in the broth added with the anti-7 (8, 9) factor serum or with the phage 37 or 40.
This variant of 2b → 2a belongs to the C-type. This variant and all 2a strains that belong to the C-type have not group 4 antigen, and fermente sucrose after 26 days cultivation at 37°C.
In this paper it was demonstrated that there are 2a variants from Shigella flexneri 2b among the members of Shigella flexneri 2a that belong to the C-type.

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An autopsy case of the Pertussis-pneumonia in a 3 months; infant male was discribed.
About 2 weeks ago he affected with cough attack, his elder sisters have been infected with the pertussis-pneumonia, and he died 12days after the onset, inspite of the both antibiotic and serological treatment.
Patho-anatomically and histologically, the finding is following.
1. Intersitial pneumonia and isolated the bacillus of the Haemophilus pertussis on the surface of the bronchial epithelium and in bronchial secretion.
2. Atrophy and disappearance of lymphocytes in both of the spleen and lymph-nodules.
3. Acute involusion of the thymus gland.
4. Swelling of the cortex of adrenal glands.
5. Congestion and slight oedema of the brain.
6. Congestion of Blood in the spleen, liver and medulla of adrenal glands, and so forth.
The distinct interstital pneumonia to be found this case for us was characterized by the insigni-ficancy of the secondary infected bronchopneumonia. Besides, we understand that this distinct interstitial pneumonia is a primary pathological changes caused by the Haemophilus pertussis produced toxin, and a direct cause of this 3 months infant' s death. On the other hand, we think that the acute involusion of the thymus gland, atorophy and disappearance of lymphocytes on the spleen as well as the lymph-nodules are a appearance of the 'so called' Selye 's general adaption syndrom in consideration of adrenal cortex tickening.

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Histological investions were carried out on injury in stomach mucosa which is induced by taking high salt food, and which is considered to make a ground f or the development of stomach cancer, and efficacy of calcium against this was examined.
When rats were given high salt food, gastric mucosa underwent such severe changes as remarkable deaquamation and loss of surface epithelium, and atrophy of cytoplasm of both parietal and chif cells to spherical forms, finally resulting in ersion. When, however, this food was given together with a sufficient amount of calcium, no such alterations were produced, and the mucosa was maintained in the normal state. This clearly indicates that the injury by salt in stomach mucosa was prevented with calcium.
It is considered from these results that habitual intake of high salt food will injure stomach mucosa, producing a picture of the so-called chronic gastritis, and that calcium, which exerts preventive effect against this, will inhibit the development of cancer if the ground for this is really provided by the above mentioned injury.

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The author has consecutively investigated cytological changes in the adenohypophysis of the dog following oral administration of cinchophen.
For the cytological manifestation, GOMORI's aldehyde-fuchsin-azan and periodic acid SCHIFF reaction were employed and differential cell count was made.
Thirty minutes after administration, α-cells were somewhat enlarged and vacuolated β-cells and PAS positive cells already increased. Af ter one hour, degranulation in α-cells was found especially in apical part of the cell and granules in the β-cell were decreased with extensive vacuolation in cytoplasm. After 3 and 5 hours, α-cell degranulated progressively and diminished in its size and number. Granules in β-cells decreased and were hardly stained by fuchsin. Size of β-cells was strikingly variable. On the other hand, chromophobes, particularly granulated chromophobes, were increased. Changes in δ-cells were not distinct. After 7, 12 and 24 hours, restoration progressed, although not accomplished even after 24 hours.
ACTH release after administration of cinchophen has been revealed in both previous and this, investigations, but additional hormone release seemed also not deniable from these findings.

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It is of interest to know what effect will be produced by combined use of PANS-TW, an antiviral agent, and roentgen ray, since it will give a clue for the elucidation of action mechanism of this agent. Experiments on tumor cells revealed that the administration of 1mg/kg of PANS-TW alone did not produce any alteration in karyokinetic coefficient and differential count of nuclear form, but that th; application of X-ray in combination with it remarkably inhibited cell division for a prolonged period, though the previous state was recovered after 24 hours. Now it was investigated with subcutaneous tumor whether PANS-TW would have prolonged efficacy in cooperation with the after effect of irradiation, and it was found to have sensitivty-increasing effect, though not so high, in combined use with X-ray.
Nine derivatives of PANS-TW were investigated for synergism with X-ray. Of these, only PANS-1.69 in a dose of 1mg/kg manifested by itself growth-iahibiting effect, but not any others, although in higher concentrations they may have shown such effect. When administered before irradiation, PANS-I. 4. 7. 9 manifested slight sensitivity-increasing effect.
PANS-6 had slight anti-tumorous effect, but, not sensitivity-increasinge fleet. This indicates that not all substances, having similar action to X-ray, or combination of all inhibitors with X-ray, but combination of special inhibitors or metabolic antagonists with X-ray exerts sensitivity-increasing effect; and that in this case the metabolic antagonist need not be anti-tumorous.
On account of tthe efficacy for tumor, sensitivity-increasing and virus-inactivating action, and the effect to inhibit metabolic system necessary for increase of viral nucleic acid, PANS is considered to act on metabolic system of tumorous nucleic acid. Accordingly, DNA concentration per cell was determined microphotometrically from 15 minutes to 72 hours of irradiation, and it was forund to have fallen remarkably at 2 and 24 hours, although in the beginning it was scarcely changed even by considerably large doses. NA hen PANS was alone administered, DNA decreased at 30 minutes and 2026 hours, but conversely increased at 326 hours.
Whne 8-azaguanine and D-glutamic acid were used in combination with PANS, depressions of DNA curve were shown at about 45 minutes and 24 hours in the case of D-glutamic acid, and there was increase at 45 minutes2 hours in the case of 8-azaguanine. When they were used alone, DNA increased at a certain time, and decreased at about 24 hours. It was assumed accordingly that the above mentioned three agents would have bearing on DNA metabolism in some forms either indirectly or directly, that they would exert their actions not on one same point, but respectively on theit specific points in cooperation with roentgenobiological or roentgenobiochemical action, and that they would tnrn complicated delayed changes after irradiation toward the enhancement of inhibition.

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