1) The breast cancer antigen was detected by the immunodiffusion technique with rabbit anti-breast cancer serum which was absorbed with pooled normal human plasma and extracts of non-m alignant breast glands. All extracts of eighteen breast cancer tissues and extracts of normal liver, spleen and kidney were reacted with the antiserum. No precipitation band was found between ex tracts of non-malignant breast glands and digestive tracts, and the antiserum.
2) The antigenic substance was purified from pooled breast cancer extracts by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5. Single protein band was obtained for the isolated substance in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
3) The antigenic substance was glycoprotein that was stained by PAS reagent, and was migrated on immunoelectrophoresis as a single line in the α-region. The molecular weight was estimated to be 5 6 × 10⁶ by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The antigenic activity was destroyed at 80°C for five minutes.
4) The immunochemical characteristics of the breast tumor-associated antigen were different from common tumor-associated antigens previously reported such as the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the α-fetoprotein. Some association between the breast cancer antigen and the _α2H-globulin was discussed.

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Reported here are the CT findings on cerebral atrophic lesion chiefly developed in the frontal lobe in schizophrenics with unusual organic encephalopathy. Encephalopathy was recognized in 84 (73%) of 115 schizophrenics and 13 (33%) of 40 neurotics. In an attempt to exclude the effects of aging on encephalopathy, the ages at CT and at the development of disease, the number of morbid years, subtypical schizophrenia and relation between the clinical severity and the atrophic condition were comparatively studied.
As a result, cerebral atrophy tended to increase along with aging, but the findings differed in that atrophia classified by age covered the entire brain in general, whereas atrophia in schizophrenics was found in the frontal lobe. In particular, because of the fact that clinical severity and atrophia in the frontal lobe are high correlated and that severe atrophia is recognized even in young people, schizophrenia and atrophia in the frontal lobe are considered to be closely related to each other.
It is therefore suggested that the CT findings are useful to clinicians for finding appropriate methods to deal with the prognosis of schizophrenics in their daily diagnosis and for the therapeutic prevention of encephalatrophy by stimulating the frontal lobe, thereby delaying mental deterioration.

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Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been recently carried out effectively to have a good prognosis in malignant lymphoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung. This treatment has been often said to be complicated by bilateral diffuse interstitial pneumonitis, which is sometimes fatal.
In this study, bilateral diffuse interstitial pneumonitis was recognized in 10 cases with malignant lymphoma (7 cases) and primary lung cancer (3 cases), treated by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. No bilateral diffuse interstitial pneumonitis could be discovered in cases without combined chemotherapy. Mediastinum was irradiated in 8 cases and bilateral supraclavicular region in 6 cases. Radiation doses were ranged from 25 to 60 Gy.
Cyclophosphamide (CPM) was given to 9 cases ranging from 1050 mg to 9900 mg. Vincristine (VCR) was given to 9 cases from 1 mg to 9 mg. ACNU was given to one case 100 mg. Antitumor agents were given before or after radiotherapy, or concurrently.
This pneumonitis was observed in the period 30 to 130 days after onset of radiotherapy and 25 to 100 days after onset of chemotherapy.
These patients had a low grade fever (<38°C), dyspnea and shortness of breath frequently, and rarely had rales or leucocytosis.
Chest radiographs were characterized by bilateral diffuse interstitial changes or hazy, homogeneous shadows. Ga-67 scannings were positive in 5 cases performed at the time of development of pneumonitis. Six patients were dead from this pneumonitis without improvement after injection of antibiotics and steroid.
Mouse lung induced by combined radiation and antitumor agents was histologically investigated. Mice were irradiated 2000 R or 4000 R to the left hemithorax. CPM, Adriamycin (ADM) and Rinderon (RD) were given to them intraperitoneally.
Both CPM and ADM could enhance the lung damage. Histopathologic pictures induced by combined radiation and antitumor agents were characterized not only by alveolar thickening with cellular accumulation, but also by exudate into alveolar lumen. RD was effective in controlling exudate into alveolar lumen at the time of 4 weeks after radiation.
In view of the low incidence of pulmonary toxicity and the benefit of improving tumor response, combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be carried out. However, it should be kept in mind that fatal pneumonitis could be occurred as a complication of combination therapy.

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Misonidazole', a radiosensitizer for hypoxic cells is expected to be applied to the treatment of malignant tumors, but its side effect becomes a subject of study, because its effective dose is close to its lethal dose. The auther performed experiments with mice on the central nervous toxicity, which is the most lethal of the side effects of Misonidazole, with the following results ;
1. The abrupt death seen after the administration of a large dose of Misonidazole was attributable to the central nervous toxicity. LD₅₀ for d.d. strain mouse was 1.55 mg per body weight g.
2. The used mice always developed convulsion before death. But the administration of anticonvulsant failed to free them from death.
3. Autopsy findings were such abnormal ones as the degeneration and exfoliation of nerve cells and diapedetic focus. After sacrifice, however, no findings indicative of disturbance of central nerve could be detected.
4. Misonidazole, even in a small divided dose, left intracerebral retention, though slightly, indicating that its accumulation in the brain would be increased with increase in the dose.
5. The disturbance of central nerve was not exacerbated by the whole brain irradiation with Misonidazole.

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pMS 76, which originated in Shigella flexneri strain, is a conjugative, 5.54 megadalton plasmid that contains single sites susceptible to digestion by different restriction endonucleases. This plasmid, which mediates the hypersynthesis of a type I penicillinase (β-lactamase), is present in Esherichia coli K 12 cells at about 20 copies per chromosomes. In addition, the pMS 76 plasmid can be mobilized by conjugative plasmids and it shares a number of other properties with the amplifiable ColEl plasmid, including the ability to amplify copy number in the presence of chloramphenicol and the requirement for a functional polA gene. However, pMS 76 is compatible with ColEl-derived replicons pBR 313 and pACYC 184, and with another muticopy plasmid, RSF 1030. pMS 76 can be introduced by transformation into many different gram-negative bacteria.
Thus, pMS 76 appears to be a new candidate for a multipurpose cloning vector.

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Clinical significance of abdominal CT of 47 patients with biopsy-proven malignant lymphoma, especially in the region of upper abdomen, was evaluated by comparing with Ga-67 citrate scanning and lymphangiography.
The CT was more effective as to detection of lymphomatous involvement than the Ga-67 citrate scanning and lymphangiography above the cisterna chyli and other extralymphatic sites, although the accuracy of CT was virtually identical to lymphogram for the detection of para-aortic lymph node involvement. So, the contribution of CT in cases with true positive findings by lymphangiography is relatively low in the para-aortic region.
Satisfactory imaging procedures examining abdominal pathology may be the following : firstly Ga-67 citrate scanning, secondly lymphangiography, and thirdly CT in sequence.

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In this comunication we described about a method for measuring guanylate cyclase activity of bovine thyroid membrane using competitive protein assay for c-GMP and cold GTP as substrate for the enzyme. The guanylate cyclase was found in cytosol and plasma membrane of bovine thyroid. The enzyme was relatively stable compared with adenylate cyclase of same thyroid membrane. TSH, LATS failed stimulation of guanylate cyclase of bovine thyroid membrane.

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For ten patients with gastric cancer, the oesophagojejunal and oesophagogastric anastomoses were practised by the auto-suture EEA. Two patients with bleeding oesophageal varices were treated by oesophageal transection using the EEA. Although most of the patients had entirely satisfied operative procedures and uneventful postoperative couses, there were several postoperative complications.
The 68-year-old man with gastric cancer developed a temporary anastomotic leakage and died about six weeks after surgery. The 50-year-old woman with oesophageal varices. Who was treated by oesophageal transection developed severe dysphagia for a few weeks after operation. She required dilation of the oesophagus three times. This kind of instrumental anastomoses peformed with the EEA, however, appear to be made faster and safer function than when manual suturing is used. The use of the EEA in gastric oesophageal surgery can shorten operating time securely. These results suggest that anastomoses using EEA may be useful in surgery for the patients with gastric cancer and oesophageal varices.

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The establishment, characterization, and tumorigenicity of a cell line from a Sprague-Dawley rat ventral prostate is reported. The cells readily formed clones from single cell cultures, which showed epithelial morphology under the light microscope. Electron microscopic observation revealed desmosome-like structures between adjacent cells, but did not show any distinct junctional complexes. No Weibel Palade bodies were noted. C-type viral particles and pseudoparticulates were also observed under the electron microscope. The cells do have characteristics of malignant transformation such as loss of contact inhibition, karyotypic changes, and increased cloning efficiency, doubling time and saturation density. The cultured cells retain higher enzymatical activities for acid phosphatase and beta-glucronidase than those of intact organ. The cells showed no colony formation in soft agar culture, and did not produce subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. The usefulness of this partially transformed cell line is discussed in the literature.

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A 67-year-old female patient died of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma 43 year after contamination with thorotrast of the pelvic peritoneal cavity during hysterosalpigography. Abdominal rentogenograms still showed deposits of contrast medium in the pelvis. At autopsy, the peritoneal cavity contained 8000 ml of ascitic fluid and the wide-spread serosa was covered by tumor. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of diffuse epithelial type of malignant mesothelioma. Specimens from the pelvis showed calcified scar nodules containing thorotrast revealing alpha-tracks on histo-autoradiography. The carcinogenic properties of thorotrast are now undisputed. Thorotrast deposits were found in the immediate vicinity of the tumor, and the latency period of 43 years is sufficient to compensate for the relatively low radiation dose.
Only few reports are known about the late effects of thorotrast intraperitoneally administered or secondary deposited in the peritoneal cavity.

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