For the study of different aspects of spontaneous motor activity in mice and rats three kinds of activity cage have been devised.
The activity cage for recording the small movements has been designed upon the principle of condensor pick-up. The amplifier and ink-writing system of E.E.G. machine are utilized for this device. The instrument is capable of detesting small rapid as well as gross movements (e.g., respiratory, washing, grooming and running movements). and is also applicable for measuring the responsiveness of an animal to external stimuli.
The second, main activity cage is a revolving one with a counter modified from those described by Richter and Wang.
The third revolving cage is of the same size as the second, specially provided with a handle by which the experimenter can revolve the cage from outside. When a running mouse in the cage is about to repose, the experimenter gives instantly a bit of movement to the cage, then the mouse, provoked by the stimulus, resumes running continuously. The mean velocity of the free running without repose for five minutes is regarded as an index for the running ability (physical motor strength) of the animal.
Based on these measurements, some observations on spontaneous motor depression indued by chronic administration of methamphetamine or methylthiouracil are described.
During these experiments no physical constraint is imposed on and stressful situations for the animals are cautiously avoided.

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Changes in the spontaneous motor activity of mice induced by psychotropic drugs have been measured by a set of methods which were constructed for a differential observation in various aspects of behaviour. These observations consisted in a running activity measured by a revolving cage with counting device, small movements recorded by a electrical method reported by Utena and the auther, and a rating scale of motor activity as a whole.
The drugs used were central stimulants (Methamphetamine, Pipradrol, Methylphenidate, Caffeine), central depressants (Chlorpromazine, Reserpine, Phenobarbital), and LSD-derivatives (LSD-25, BOL-148, LAE-32).
For evaluating the stimulating effect on running activity were used the following criteria, i. e., the time course, the mean and maximum increase in number of revolution and the daily amount of revolution subsequent to the drug administration. Distinct qualitative difference in stimulating effects between the stimulants was evidenced in the time-revolution curve and in the recording of small movements, even in the doses which give the same mean increase in running activity. Methamphetamine was peculiar in its marked after-depression in spontaneous motor activity, which persisted for several days after the administration.
Among the three kinds of central depressants, reserpine was much slow acting than the others. It was revealed that chlorpromazine was effective to extinguish response behaviour to external stimuli, this was demonstrated by the recordings of responsive movements.
LSD-derivaties gave rise to bi-phasic effect on spontaneous motor activity, stimulating for a short duration and depressing slightly afterwards.

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The effect of lysergic acid derivatives and serotonin on the hypothalamic neurosecretory system were studied in rats and evidence was presented that between these two kinds of drugs an antagonism existed. Animals were divided into untreated control and eight experimental groups : intraventricular injection group with saline, LSD-25 (20μg), LAE-32 (20μg), BOL-148 (20μg), LSD (20μg) plus serotonin (40μg) simultaneously, and BOL (20μg) plus serotonin (40μg) simultaneously, and a supplemental group administered with LSD (100mg) by the intraperitoneal route and serotonin (40μg) by the intraventricular route 30 minutes afterwards.
Each experimental group included 12 rats, and the animals were examined at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the drug administration, respectively.
The results obtained were as follows and were tabulated in a composite chart (Table. 2) :
1) LAE-32 intraventricular injection group
Animals indicating most remarkable changes were those examined at 6 hours and 12 hours following injection. Increase in neurosecretory material and an appearance of the so-called “red pycnosis” were recognized in the cells of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. The neurosecretory material in the posterior lobe of hypophysis was also augmented.
2) LSD-25 intraventricular injection group
Increase in neurosecretory material and red pycnosis was also most striking in the 6-hour animals.
3) BOL-148 intraventricular injection group
In 12-hour animals, increase in neurosecretory material was proved.
4) Serotonin intraventricular injection group.
The effect was most conspicuous one hour after injection. The change was also an increase in neurosecretory material and red pycnosis and it subsided gradually in subsequent hours.
5) Serotonin plus LSD-25 intraventricular injection group
In this group, no neurosecretory material was found both in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei throughout the whole course of observation, the figures being almost identical with those of the untreated control group. It was revealed that the effects of the two drugs were reversed each other and no apparent change came into play.
6) Serotonin plus BOL-148 intraventricular injection group
As in the foregoing group, here too, the increase in neurosecretory material was not pointed out and the figures were almost identical with those of the untreated control group.
7) LSD-25 intraperitoneal injection plus serotonin intraventricular injection group
In this group, no consistent result was obtained, but in one case of each 2-hour, 3-hour and 6-hour animals the findings were just the same as 5).
The above-mentioned results led to the conclusion that LSD-25, its derivatives and serotonin work upon the hypothalamic neurosecretory system accelerating secretion, while lysergic acid derivatives and serotonin were antagonistic each other when administred simultaneously.

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Absorption experiment with monosaccharide was carried out on group specific antibodies, obtained by immunizing the rabbit or chicken with Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella poona, containing O (H) substance, S. paratyphi B, containing FA substance, S. riogrande and Escherichia freundii B₉₀, containing A substance, and E. coli O₈₆, containing B and A substance, and sugar component of polysaccharide of each of these bacteria was investigated, with the following results.
1. Anti-O (H) agglutinin in anti-S. dysenteriae immune chicken serum is inhibited in its reaction by D-galactose, raffinose and L-arabinose, and anti-O (H) precipitin by D-galactose, raffinose, lactose, D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. As sugary constituents of polysaccharide of this bacterium, however, galactose, rhamnose and acetyl-glucosamine are known. This indicates that O (H) substance of S. dysenteriae is slightly different from O (H) substance of S. poona.
2. Anti-O antibody in anti-S. poona immune chicken serum is inhibited in its reaction by L-fucose, while polysaccharide of this bacterium is composed of hexosamine, fucose, galactose, glucose and N-acetylhexosamine. In this way, S. poona contains L-fucose, which is related with O (H) activity.
3. Anti-FA agglutinin in anti-S. paratyphi B immune rabbit serum is inhibited in its reaction strongly by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and weakly by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, while polysaccharide of this bacterium is composed of hexosamine, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose, abequose and N-acetylhexosamine. Thus it contains N-acetylhexosamine, which is related with FA substance.
4. Anti-A antibody in anti-S. riogrande and anti-E. freundii B₉₀ immune serum is inhibited in its reaction strongly by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and weakly by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and anti-A antibody in anti-E. freundii B₉₀ immune rabbit serum is slighly inhibited also by D-galactosamine, while polysaccharide of these bacteria is composed of hexosamine, mannose, galactose, glucose and N-acetylhexosamine. They contain thus N-acetylhexosamine, which is related with group A activity.
5. Anti-A agglutinin in E. coli O₈₆ immune chicken serum is inhibited in its reaction weakly by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and extremely weakly by D-galactosamine, and anti-B antibody in the same serum is inhibited remarkably by raffinose and D-galactose, and weakly also by L-arabinose and D-galactosamine, while polysaccharide of this bacterium is composed of hexosamine, fucose, galactose, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine. In this way, the bacterium contains D-galactose, related with group B activity, and N-acetylhexosamine, related with group A activity.
6. In bacteria in which are demonstrated respective blood group substances are also demonstrated sugar groups which determine respective group specificities. However, the presence of such determining sugar group does not always mean the exhibition of group specific activity. This seems to indicate that what determines the exhibition of group specific activity is the way of the combination of sugars or difference of quantitative ratio between them.

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The relationship of the systolic blood pressure to the body build and obesity was studied on apparently healthy subjects over the age of 30. The present findings are based on data from the physical examination records of 1657 persons in several rural communities of Gunma Prefecture.
1) The incidence of hypertension and the mean blond pressure were generally higher in the overweight group, or large chest/height, and abdomen/ height groups than the others in each sex and age-group.
2) The incidence of hypotensive subjects and mean blood pressure tended to be lower in the underweight group, or small chest/ height, and abdomen/ height groups than the others in each sex and age-group. However, number of samples in the latter groups were insufficient for the statistical evaluation.
3) Further analysis leads to the impression that among three indices the abdomen/height ratio is more markedly correlate I with the blood pressure variations, when the other two factors held constant. It was inferred that “hypertension-chest/height relationship” (Robinson & Brucer) could be favorably rewritten in a form of “hypertension-abdomen/heght relationship”.

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The rate of oxygen uptake by snails collected in four seasons and the effect of 5 chemicals (86%sodium pentachlorophenate, 80%Sodium pentachlophenate, Santobrite, 40%Dinitro-O-cyclohe xylphenol, ammonium sulphate) upon the respiration of snails were inuestigated.
1). The rate of oxygen uptake was incresed when the snail was more active.
2). In spring and winter, 86%PCP-Na showed the strongest inhibitory effect upon the oxygen uptake and in summer and autumn 79%PCP-Na Showed the strongest inhibitory effect.
3). Ammonium sulfate was effective upon snail in winter.

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The molluscacidal effect upon the snail (Oncomelania nosophora) by 5 molluscacides (86% Sodium pentachlorophenate, 80% Sodium pentachlorophenate, Santobrite, 40% Dinitro-O-cyclohexylphenol, ammonium sulphate) were tested in the laboratory and the following results were obtained.
1) Amm. sulfate and 40% DN-1, showed no mulluscacidal effect on snails collected in spring, summer and autumn.
2) 86% PCP-Na and 79% PCP-Na showed molluscacidal effect on snails collected in summer but the former showed the strong molluscacidal effect on snails collected in spring and the latter showed the strongest effect on snails in summer.
3) 80% PCP-Na showed the strong mulluscacidal effect on snails, collected in autumn.

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In patients with thyroid diseases, the oral glucose, intravenous glucose, epinephrine, and insulin tolerance test were performed.
Diminished glucose tolerance was observed in 3 of 8 patients with thyrotoxicosis, and diminished glycemic response to epinephrine in 3 of 5 patients with the same disease. The sesult became normal after euthyroidism was established by the treatment with mercatoimidazole or radioactive iodine (I¹³¹).
Diminished oral glucose tolerance was observed in 6 of 11 patients with subacute thyroiditis diminished glycemic response to epinephrine in 3 of 8 such patients, and abnormal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 12 of 16 such patients. As the gland softned and finally restored the normal size, the test gradually tended to show the normal response.

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1) In 2 of 3 patients with subacute thyroiditis, the menstruation in the acute phase was characterized by prolonged cycle and decreased flow, but that in the recovery phase by shortened cycle and increased flow. After several weeks, however, the menstrual abnormality was gradually restored to normal.
2) A normochromic moderate anemia was observed in 2 of the 3 patients.
3) The liver function test, especially several serum colloid reactions were frequently positive.
4) In both of the 2 patients, the abnormal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was obtained.
5) As to thyroid function during the disease, in all the 3 patients, the basal metabolic rates and serum protein-bound iodine level were elevated, and thyroidal I¹³¹ uptake was in low normal range. In 2 patients, who received no speciffc therapy to modify the natural course of the disease, these abnormal value gradually returned to normal within eight weeks after the onset, while in a patient, treated with cortisone, I¹³¹ uptake rose to high levels within six weeks of that therapy.
6) Cortisone was shown to produce dramatic effects, causing abrupt cessation of symptoms and distinct decrease in the size of the thyroid gland.

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Antigenic analysis of Salmonella G group, arizona O-18, E. coli O-86, E. coli O-127a, b O-127a.c and E. coli O-128 indicated as follows;
1) These strains have an antigen concerning with Salmonella O-13 and the latter is composed of 6 or more partial antigens.
2) In the relationship of E. coli O-127a and O-128, specific antigen of. E. coli O-127a is involved as well as Sal. O-13.
3) E. coli O-127 has antigens of Sal. O-13 and 22. Antigenic relationship between the substrains is not a-a, b, which is noted by Ewing. but a, b-a, c.
4) Isolated strains having antigens of G group Salmonella are classified in many genera ; 4 strains are E. coli of which 2 are E. coli O-127a, c and the other 2 are E. coli O-86. Three strains are E. freundii. The one has complete antigen of E. coli O-127a, c, another has partial antigen of Sal. O-13, 37 and specific antigen of O-127a and O-128 and the last one has partial antigen of Sal. O-13 and 37.

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1) Mice were challenged with virulent S.enteritidis 2 weeks after receiving chrome-alum vaccine. Sixthe percent survival occured when vaccine and challenge dose were administered intraperitoneally. However, mice were not so resistant to intravenous challenge when vaccine was administered intraperitoneally, suggesting some of the immunity observed might be owing to the local resistance in abdominal cavity.
2) Immunization of mice with attenuated S.enteritidis strain SER was followed by strong active immunity to challenge infection with virulent strain 116-54, One hundred percent of mice survived infection with 100 fold 10-7 mg of virulent strain 116-54. And the titer of O-H agglutinin following administration of chrome-alum vaccine was greater than that of mice immunized with attenuated living vaccine.
3) The monocytes derived from mice immunized with living vaccine inhibited the intracellular multiplication of bacteria without regard to the presence of antibody.

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In the course of infection of mice with S.enteritidis, the distribution of microorganisms in the mice organs were studied. When the mice were infected with 10^-7 and 10^-5mg of virulent strain 116-54, the number of infected bacteria in the blood and liver was determined by stamp method.
The results were shown in Fig. 2 and 3. 24 or 48 hours after the infection the number of bacteria in blood and liver decreased. But 3 days after the infection bacteria increased.
The number of bacteria was also determined by plate counting method. As shown in Fig.4 and 5, the number of bacteria in the liver and blood decreased and reached minimum 6 hours after the infection. From this time the number of bacteria increased.
The number of bacteria in 1 g of liver was always 100 times that in 1 ml of blood in the course of the infection.
The histopathological studies of mice organs were described. The results were shown in figures.

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To know effects of temperature upon the duration of action potential, time for recovery, and each phase of it, experiments were carried out with the Yamagiwa-Lillie' s and the Akiyama' s model, consisting of iron wire immersed in nitric acid, and potential changes in these models were recorded with an oscillograph. The results were as follows :
1) In general, the duration of action potential and time necessary for recovery became shorter with rise in temperature, regardless of the kind of the model. 2) However, in experiments with the Akiyama's model with varying concentrations of AgNO and HNO, there was found an optimal temperature in which the recovery proceeded most rapidly. 3) Effect of temperature was most remarkable in the second phase of recovery, and it was elucidated that the prolongation of the duration of action potential was mainly due to that of this phase.
From these results it was concluded as follows : 1) On the progress of the recovery, chemical reaction would have important bearing than in eliciting excitation. 2) This chemical reaction would not be a simple one, because in that case the time for the recovery would show lineal decline with rise in temperature, which however was proved not always to be the case; but it would consist of antagonistic two reactions stimulating and the membrane-forming action, that is, recovering power, because it was confirmed in the present experiments that there was a maximum point at a certain temperature in which the recovery progressed most rapidly.

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If we stick on a human skin a plaster made of two leaves of different metals, we find a flow of current directed from a metal leaf through the body to the other leaf. The electric plaster, which thus generates a current, is used for treatment against pain etc. This method is also applicable to facilitate the penetration of medical materials into the deep part of the body or to cure a diseased part.
This report refers to the basic action of this plaster, and the followings are elucidated.
1) Potential values between two leaves of various kinds of metals.
2) Current densities in these cases.
3) Pain is really removed or mitigated by application of the plaster.
4) Penetration of medical materials into deep parts of the body will be facilitated by the current produced by the plaster.

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Relation between serum protein and blood pressure was investigated with 320 males and 521 females above 40 years, totalling 841 inhabitants of four villages of plain rural districts in Gunma Prefecture, with the following results :
1) There was tendency of positive correlation, though in lower degree, between serum protein and blood pressure in both sexes and through all the age groups.
2) Average serum protein value was higher for hypertension group than for non-hypertension group in both sexes and in all age groups, but especially remarkably in females.
3) Average blood pressure was high in both sexes and in all age groups in the descending order of the relative hyperproteinemia group, normal serum protein group and relative hyperproteinemia group. The same tendency was also observed with the incidence rate of hypertension.
4) No special difference for the above mentioned findings could be seen between the maximum and minimum blood pressure.
5) Average blood pressure for mountainous rural inhabitants, among whom hypoproteinemia was observed with high frequency, was lower than for plain rural inhabitants. Also incidence of hypertension and death rate from apoplexy were lower in the former.

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Nervous and mental sequelae in those who survived severe malaria are diversified and an some cases may be permanent. The author described 18 cases with neuropsychiatric disturbances of long duration which could be attributed to malaria eperienced during the recent war.
Among neurological symptoms, extrapyramidal signs such as Parkinsonism, choreoathetotic movements, spastic torticollis, were striking and dysarthria, pyramidal symptoms were also observed in two cases.
Cases with severe mental deterioration, pseudoparetic picture, schizophrenia-like symptoms, and neurasthenic reaction on the basis of possible brain damage were reported and the causal connexion of these symptoms with malalia was discussed.

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The antigenic relations of Salmonella G. group, Arizona O-18, E.coli O-86, E.coli O-127a, b, O-127a, c, and E. coli O-128 were investigated. O substance is widely distributed in bacteria and animals : such as Shigella dysenteriae 1, Pneumococcus XI V, Salmonella G group. Iseki reported that O substance existed in bacteria parallel with Sal. O-13 antigen.
Sal. O-13 antigen consisted of 6 portions, and 13 a and 13 c were furthermore divided into several partial antigens.
O substance contained in Sal. O-13 antigen is related to 13a2, 13c2, 13c3.

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In the present experiments it was observed that the deflections of falling course of particles of pure mercury, mercury containing small amount of zinc, silver or natrium, or mercury particles coated with oxide membrane, which were dropped into the electrolyte in which direct current was applied by two electrodes placed on both sides, and the charges of mercury particles in respective cases were examined. The followings are the results.
1) Particles of pure mercury deflect toward cathode and thier charges are positvie (this is already known well).
2) Particles of mercury containing small amount of zinc or silver or particles of mercury coated with oxide membrane do not deflect to either sides and thier charge is almost zero.
3) Particles containing natrium deflect toward anode and their charge is negative.
The fact that the particles coated with membrane have no charge will have important significance in electrophysiology.
The investigation of the charge of particle above mentioned can be applied to test charges of cells or protoplasmic substances in various solutions.

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Male dd strain mice weighing about 20g were subcutaneously injected with 1μc/0.1cc of Cs¹³⁷, and the effects of the administration of sodium bicarbonate, potassium biccarbonate and sodium carbonate on its excretion and distribution were investigate with the following results :
The excretion of Cs¹³⁷ was increase and the retention of Cs¹³⁷ in the organs was decreased after the administration of sodium bicarbonate, but they unchanged after potassium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.

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After the administration of Cs¹³⁷Cl to male mice of dd strain weighing about 20g, its excretion, distribution, and effect of the starvation and the administration of nutritious solution upon these were investigated with the following results.
The excretion of Cs¹³⁷ was decreased and the retention of it was increased by the starvation, but they were unchanged by the administration of glucose, Ringer's solution and Perestone-N.

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Male dd strain mice weighing about 20g were subcutaneously injected with 1μc/0.1cc of Cs¹³⁷, and the effects of the administration of various salts on its excretion and distribution were investigated, with the following results :
The excretion of Cs¹³⁷ was increased on the administration of sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate and sodium laciate, but it unchanged on lactated Ringer's solution and sodium glucronate, and it was decreased on sodium acetate and sodium citrate.
The accumulation of Cs¹³⁷ in the organs was decreased on the administration of sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate and sodium acid phosphate but it unchanged on the other chemicals.

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Blood pressure, eyegrounds, capillary fragility were determined or examined on 628 cases of both sexes above 40 years, consisting of rural inhabitants, government office employees, , and internees of the old men's home, and significance of the result of each item of examination and relationship between them were discussed. And the validity of data obtained by collective examination and its limit were critically investigated.
It was considered possible to screen those having danger of apoplexy through step by step method of adequate order, that is, first by blood pressure determination, secondly by examination of eyegrounds, and lastly by determination of capillary fragility. It may, however, be impossible to determine ultimately the effectiveness of each one or combination of the above mentioned procedure unless thorough health supervision is duly performed.

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The changes in serum protein components of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum were investigated by paper-electrophoresis.
1) The examination of serum protein of mice infected with S. japonicum showed an increase of total protein in early infections (3 weeks after exposure to cereariae) raching the maximum 9 weeks after the infection, decrease in albumin was recognized in 5 weeks and notable decreas also in 6 weeks, there after no remarkable change being observed. A temporaly increase in α-globulin was observed between 3 and 6 weeks after the infection. The increase in β-globulin was recognized in 5 weeks reaching the maximum in 6 weeks. The remarkable increase in r-globulin was recognized in 6 weeks reaching the maximum in 7 weeks.
The remarkable decrease in A/G ratio was observed in 5 weeks and reaching the maximum in 6 weeks of the infection.
2) The examination of serum protein of superinfected mice showed an increase compared with that of the control. The albumin of the mice superinfected soon after the 1st infection (2-3 weeks after infection with cercariae) showed a decrease less than that of the control, but the albumin of the mice superinfected 4-7 weeks after the 1st infection showed an increase compared with that of the control. After superinfection the changes of α-globulin and A/G ratio were scarcely recognized. It is found that the changes of β-and γ-globulin depend upon the number of the infecting adult worms.

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With 3 antigens prepared from adnlt worms, cercariae and eggs, the precipitin test were condncted and the correlation between precipitin reaction and serum protein components were also investigated.
1) Worm antigen gave positive results in mice and rabbits infected 2-3 weeks ago. Cercarial antigen showed positive results in mice and rabbits infected 3 weeks ago. Egg antigen gave a positive results in mice and rabbits infected 5 weeks ago.
2) It is considered that when worm, cercarial and egg test antigens are used, the decrease of albumin as no correlation with precipitin reaction; that When Worm and cercarial test antigen are used, the inerease of α-globulin has correlation with precipitin reaction, that when egg test antigen was used the increase of β-globulinhas correlation with precipitin reaction and that when worm, cercarial and egg test antigens are used, the increase of γ-globulin has correlation with precipitin.rcaction.

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Male dd strain mice weighing about 20 g were Subcutaneously (and or intraperitoneally) injected with 1 μc/0.1cc of Zr⁹⁵, and its excretion, distribution and effects of non radioactive Zr salt, Ca-EDTA, Na citrate, Na Ca citrate, BAL, MgSO₄ and the starvation upon these were investigated with the following results :
1. In the beginning Zr ⁹⁵ injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally was found in a largest quantity in the blood, but it gradually became more concentrated in the bone.
2. The excretion of subcutaneously given Zr⁹⁵ was highest on the first day-3.1 and 5.9% into urine and feces, respectively, and thereafter gradually declined. The total excretion in 4 days amounted to 16.2%. The excretion into feces was about 2 times that into urine. The distribution of Zr⁹⁵ at 4th day of the administration was in the order of Bone (11.7%/g) Kidney Blood Liver.
3. When non-radioactive ZrOCl₂ was given as carrier of Zr⁹⁵, a smaller dose slightly accelerated the excretion, while a larger dose conversely inhibited it.
4. The excretion of Zr⁹⁵ tended to increase on the administration of Ca EDTA, Na Ca citrate, but it tended to decrease on Na citrate, and it changed scarcely on BAL and MgSO₄.
5. By the starvation, the excretion of Zr⁹⁵ tended to decrease and the retention of it was increased in liver.

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1. Detailed observations on the effect of growth hormone upon rabbbit dentine revealed that it had, both quantitatively and qualitatively, accelerative effect upon the growth and calcification of dentine. In this case, the stripe figure, produced by calcification of baily cycle, remained unextinguished.
2. Anterior pituitary preparations-Hypohorin, Ploran, Prae-hormon and ACTH-also demonstrated some calcification/accelerating effect, though with some differences between them and f rom that of growth hormone.
3. Atonine, a posterior pituitary preparation, did not show so evident effect, but Pituitan showed inhibitory effect on calcification of rabbit dentine. The posterior lobe did not seem to bear on the acceleration of growth of teeth.
4. Extract from the cattle pituitary gland demonstrated especially remarkable accelerative effect on calcification of dentine. When the action of the pituitary gland upon calcification is discussed, it may be necessary to consider not only the calcification-accelerating effect of growth hormone but also action of ACTH and moreover that of the pituitary-adrenal axis.

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