1. When 50 mg/kg of Methylnitrosourea was transplacentally inoculated to Donryu rats, 110 out of their 116 offsprings survived more than 163 days, and in 60 of these 110 were observed 93 tumors in total.
2. The sites of the tumors were as follows : Two in the brain, 2 in the spinal cord, 16 in cranial nerves, 22 in spinal nerve root, 23 in peripheral nerves, and 28 in extraneural organs.
Nerve tumors totally 61, accounting for 65.6% of the total, that was a majority.
3. The nerve tumors histologically showed the picture of neurinoma or malignant neurinoma. Electron microscopical observation of some of these nerve tumor revealed that constituent cells contained axis cylinders and that the surface of the cell membrane was covered with basement membrane-like homogeneous substance. Thus they presented the traits of Schwann cells.
4. Four tumors formed in the cerebrospinal substances histologically showed monotonous cell structure, and 2 of them presented the picture of oligodendroglioma and the other 2 that of ependymoma-like.
5. Twenty four tumors, including 18 nerve tumors, were Subcutaneously transplanted into rats of the same strain. Twelve nerve tumors and 3 other tumors were transplacentable.
6. Out of 28 tumors, formed outside the nervous system, 18 were found in the Kidney, 4 in the mammary gland, 2 in the peritoneal cavity, and 2 in the bone. The renal tumors grossly appeared to be cystic tumor, and presented a histological picture of nephroblastoma-like.
7. Cerebellar hypoplasia and disorder in cerebellar cell structure were observed in many cases. In addition, dental dysplasia and cicatrization in renal parenchyma suggested the cytotoxic effect of MNU.
8. Comparison between intravenous and transplacental MNU administrations revealed that in both cases cranial, spinal and peripheral nervous tissue were involved by tumors, but that there was difference in target organs of cancer in the viscera.

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Histometric and histological studies were made on aging-and hypertension-associated changes in the lateral striate arteries from 88 autopsy cases, including 34 normotensive cases, aged 9 fetal months to 72 years, 20 hypertensive cases, aged 23 to 80 years, and 34 others, with the following results :
1. In the lateral striate arteries of normotensive cases, smooth muscle cell counts per unit areas of the media decreased with aging while the interstitial tissue increased. The decrease in smooth muscle cells resulted from their necrosis.
2. Medial smooth muscle cell counts in the arteries were smaller in hypertensives than in normotensives of the corresponding age, and the difference between them became greater with age. The necrosis and disappearance of the medial smooth muscle cells were most remarkable in aged hypertensive cases.
3. In old normotensive or hypertensive cases, the necrosis and disapperance of the medial muscle cells resulted in interstitial widening, where fine granular substance derived from necrotic muscle cells, PAS-positive basement membrane-like substance and collagen fibers were increased. These changes were more intensive in hypertensive cases than in old ones.
4. Medial muscle cell counts in the putaminal segment of the lateral striate arteries of hypertensive cases with intracerebral microaneurysms were smaller by 20-40% than those in hypertensive cases without the aneurysms.
5. The cross-section areas and external diameters at various sites of the lateral striate arteries were greater in hypertensives than in normotensives, and the differences between them were greater in old cases.
6. In the lateral striate arteries of hypertensive cases, cellulofibrous intimal thickening, swelling and duplication of the internal elastic lamina, and blood plasma and foam cell infiltration of the intima were observed from the third decade, and their frequencies and intensities increased with age.

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L-α-hydroxyacid oxidase and L-lactate dehydrogenase have been purified from rat livers by extraction, ammonium sulfate treatment and column chromatographies.
Mammalian L-amino acid oxidase has also been isolated and purified from rat kidney to compare properties of this enzyme to those of hepatic L-α-hydroxyacid oxidase. Judging from the immunochemical properties, both hepatic L-α-hydroxyacid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase are considered to be two distinct enzymes.
Hepatic L-α-hydroxyacid oxidase catalyzes oxidation of α-hydroxyacids including L-lactate and glycolate, while hepatic NAD-dependent lactic dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (or glyoxylate to glycolate) with a comcomitant oxidation of NADH in the presence of NADH at physio ogical pH. Sum of the combination of two enzyme systems is considered to be the production of NAD⁺ rather than accumulation of keto acids under the physiological condition.

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Purpose
From the different causes of precapillary pulmonary hypertension (hyperkinetic) and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (passive) PDA and MS are selected. With regard to the similarities and differences between these two, the findings of the right cardiac catheter and lung histology are used as basis for analysis and discussed. The results serve as a hint toward the period of surgery.
Research material and method
During surgery a portion of the lung is removed in 21 cases of PDA and 20 cases of MS. After microscopic and electromicroscopic observation, the results are compared with the clinical and hemodynamic results. At the same time 41 lung samples obtained at autopsy and observed microscopically serve as control.
Result and conclusion
The finding of pulmonary morphology of MS which is due to age or elevation of pulmonary pressure, is progressive (mean medial thickness, Heath-Edwards Number etc.) but in PDA however, there are comparatively fewer cases with any association between the finding of morphology and age or elevation of pulmonary pressure.
After electro-microscopy there is no important difference between MS and PDA but in MS, due to the difference between the level of pulmonary pressure, the thickness of the basement membrane of the epithelial and endothelial cells shows visible change.
With regard to the decision of the period of surgery, in MS it is advisable to perform surgery as soon as possible, whereas in PDA surgery may wait until the patient is about 10 years of age.

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Entire colon aganglionosis is a relatively rare disease, which has grave prognosis with a mortality approaching 80 per cent. The symptoms and X-ray findings are so variable from case to case, its diagnosis is a difficult one. The microcolon and shortened colon are not consistent findings. A barium enema examination often appears to be normal. If one finds the complete reflux of barium into the small bowel, it may reveal a caliber change. There is almost always the retardation of evacuation.
We experienced a case of entire colon aganglionosis involving the terminal ileum in a 14-day-old female infant, She passed her first meconium in the second day of life, became distended and started to vomit in the fourth day of life. A barium enema examination revealed a shortend but normal calibered colon. Aganglia of the colon and the terminal ileum was confirmed at surgery and a loop ileostomy was made at the distended ileum about 40 cm. proximal to the ileocecal valve. She developed typical short gut syndrome postoperatively but gradually increased her body weight. Enterocolitis was one of the life threatening postoperative complications. Seventeen months later, Martin' s operation was successfully carried out.

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