Indications and limitations of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors were studied in the patients admitted to Department of Radiology of Gunma University Hospital, where neoplasms have been treated principally by radiotherapy. Cancers under examination were those at the cervix of the uterus, the glottis of the larynx, eyelid, nasopharynx, lungs, and esophagus all treated by radiotherapy alone. The results were as follows :
1. The 5-year relative survival rate exceeded 100% in stage I cervical, stage I laryngea, and eyelid cancers.
2. The 5-year relative survival rate was 111% in stage I, 83% in stage II, 63% in stage III, and 32% in stage IV cervical cancers. Thus radiotherapy was considered to be effective for the treatment of the disease regardless of progression stages. Surgical therapy is the first choice, however, for patient with adenocarcinoma, those who have lesions which cannot be adequately treated with low-dose intracavitary radiotherapy, and for patients in stage O or Ia in whom complete cure is possible with minor surgery. The selection of surgical and radiotherapies should be made on an individual basis in patients with stage Ib or IIb cancers.
3. The relative survival rate was 104% in stage I, 87% in stage II, 72% in stage III, 0% in stage IV and 88% for all stages of glottic cancers. Localized recurrences were observed in 22% of the patients with stage I and stage II lesions, nearly half of whom were cured by surgery. From the viewpoint of functional preservation, our conventional practice of giving priority to radiotherapy seems appropriate.
4. No patient died of eyelid cancer, and 5-year relative survival rate was 126%. The eyelid function and visual acuity were maintained except in one patient. Radiotherapy seems to be most suited for this type of cancer.
5. Nasopharyngeal cancer has been considered to be treated most effectively by radiotherapy. Our results were in accordance with the high expectations, the relative survival rate being 94% for lesions of stage I, II, and III. However, since 80% of the patients exhibited stage IV cancers, the relative survival rate for the total patients was only 46%. Further study of diagnostic as well as therapeutic techniques for this type of cancer is required.
6. Lung and esophageal cancers are known to be extremely refractory. The relative survival rate, however, was 48% in stage I and II epidermoid lung cancers and 42% in esophageal cancers of diameters 5cm or smaller.

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Application of radiotherapy combined with operation in the treatment of malignant tumors were studied in the patients with the breast cancer, testicular tumor, glioblastoma, soft tissue tumor and esophageal cancer. The results were as follows :
1) The prophylactic post-operative radiotherapy was considered to be effective for the patients with the breast cancer of progression stages and those treated by minor surgery. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 93% in n0, 88% in n1 α, 56% in n1β and 42% in n2.
2) The patients with pure-seminoma have been treated by post-operative radiotherapy. The 5-year cumulative survival for those patients was 98% in accordance with anticipation, but for the patients with non-seminoma was only 36%. Further study of therapeutic regimen including chemotherapy for this type of tumor is required.
3) The patiens with glioblastoma treated by radiotherapy at the rate of 5Gy twice a week as boost therapy following operation were compared with those irradiated at the conventional daily dose. The 3-year cumulative survival rate of the high dose group was better than the conventional dose group.
4) The soft tissue tumors have been misunderstood for the radioresistant tumor. Some of them, liposarcoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, were radiosensitive rather than radioresistant. Then, those tumors should have been treated by radiotherapy following reduction surgery.
5) Esophageal cancer of 5cm or smaller in diameters was considered to be treated by radiation or operation alone. Combined therapy of radiation and surgery seems to be most suited for the tumor of 5cm to 10cm.

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Between 1968 and 1983, 484 patients underwent some sort of operations for tuberculosis of the lung in our clinics. From the analysis of these patients, the following conclusions were obtained : 1) Both the number of operation and the rate of resectable cases have decreased year by year since 1968. While, the percentage of the cases with chronic pyothorax has increased rapidly for the recent 10 years. 2) The main reason for operation in the cases of early stage was localized lesion with or without continous drainage of bacteria. In the cases of late stage, however, it changed to the lesion with chronic pyothorax. 3) The patients undergoing operation in late stage were older and having longer history of the disease than those in early stage. 4) Rifampicin has been used as the most effective drug since its introduction, but recently some cases have exhibited resistance to this drug. 5) The cases diagnosed preoperatively as lung cancer have increased in recent years. 6) Though the surgical cases of pulmonary tuberculosis have declined in recent ten years, elderly patients with or without complications still remain as the cases indicative of surgery.

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This report is based on 106 early gastric cancers of the stomach resected in 457 patients from Gunma Cancer Center Tomo Hospital. There were many cases of dysplastic or border line mucosal changes (Frequency of coexistence : 15.1%) adjacent to cancerous lesions. These dysplastic epithelial lesions were found incidentaly in the gastric mucosa apart from the main lesion of early cancer. On the bases of our histological observations, it is evident that intestinal metaplasia plays the important role in the histogenesis of atypical epithelial lesion or carcinoma, especially in that of the well differentiated one. From the viewpoint of development of gastric cancer, severe dysplasia can be considered as one of the precancerous, and certain type of gastric cancer develop through the stage of dysplasia.

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Metastatic involvement of the testis from prostatic carcinoma is rare. We report a case discovered at 5 years after orchiectomy by immunohistochemical staining of prostate specific antigen. The clinical application of this specific method of stainig on metastatic carcinoma of the prostate and a review of the literature on secondary testicular tumors are presented.

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