The changes of the vacal cord in children with hoarseness have been said to be characterized by bilateral nodules of the vocal cords at the border of the anterior and the middle third.
The condition has often been referred as “Children's nodule” in Japan.
The author studied through the flexible fiberscope changes in the vocal cord in 30 children suffering from hoarseness for more than 3 months. Various findings of the vocal cords encountered were classified into 5 categories: They were
1. red and swollen type
2. edematous swollen type
3. unilateral nodule type
4. bilateral nodule type
and 5. motor disturbance type
In many of the children with hoarseness the author found retention of mucopurulent postnasal discharge in the vallecula. Radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses in those children revealed clounding of the sinuses in 73.3% of the cases. These findings may indicate that laryngeal pathology might be caused by paranasal sinus disease.
A laryngeal pathology termed as “sino-laryngitis” may exist in apposition with sino -bronchitis.
Vox & Larynx praemutatica theory developed by Iida in 1940 may explain some of the changes in the vocal cords in these children.
Disproportional growth between the vocal cord and the body may create changes in the vocal cord.
Lastly the author comments on environmental changes in industrial world as possible cause of laryngeal disease in children.

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The author reported two cases of unilateral chronic sinusitis which were induced by unusual conditions.
The first case was a 59-year-old female who seeked medical aid because of nasal obstruction and bleeding from the right nasal cavity which lasted for seven years.
A rhinological examination revealed an embedded molor tooth obstructing the right middle nasal meatus where bleeding persisted from.
X-rays revealed an under-developed right maxillary sinus with marked clouding. This case was surgically treated and the postoperative course was uneventful.
The second case was a 54-year-old male who had a bleeding mass in the right middle nasal meatus, which was found to be a fungus ball (aspergillus).
Irrigation of the right maxillary sinus which had marked clouding roentogenologically produced profuse caseous substance.
An X-ray examination seven months later revealed a clear maxillary sinus without evidence of antral contents.

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Results of treatment of acute ear nose and throat infections in children by Cephalexin (Cepol dry syrup Torii) are reported. Cephalexin dry syrup was used for 22 children aged 7 years or under with acute otitis media (16 cases), acute tonsillitis (2 cases) furuncle of the ear canal (1 case), infected congenital preauricular fistula (1 case) and acute lymphadenitis (1 case).
The antibiotic was given 30mg/kg orally. The drug was found as markedly effective in 18 cases and effective in the remaining 4 cases. Acute otitis media recurred in two cases within three weeks however, no side-effect was observed in any of the 22 cases.

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The author studied histologically frontal sinuses in 61 human frontal bones (74 sides), whose age ranged from 5 months to 80 years and a frontal bone of a 39-year-old male with pneumoeinus dilatans.
The author concluded that;
1. an increased pressure in the frontal sinus was not substantiated with a plausible evidence as a cause for development of the condition.

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