Vowels and consonants of onomatopoetic expressions for the test tones presented by puretone audiometer were analysed. The subjects consisted of 3 groups which included 37 normal hearing ears without tinnitus, 35 ears of sensorineural hearing loss without tinnitus and 46 ears with tinnitus. The test tones were pure-tones with the intensity of 10 dB above the hearing threshold at 7 frequencies with an octave step between 125 Hz and 8 kHz. The test tones were presented through the headphone and the subjects were asked to describe the subjective expression for test tones using onomatopoeias. And vowels and consonants of these onomatopoeias were analysed.
The results obtained were as follows;
1) When the incidence in use of 4 kinds of vowel (A, I, U and 0) in onomatopoeias at each 7 test frequency was analysed, there were some differences among 3 groups.
2) When the incidence in use of consonants in onomatopoeias at each 7 test frequency was investigated, some differences were found among 3 groups.
3) It was suggested that both the frequency selectivity and the recognition of test tones nature varied among these 3 groups under the assumption that the vowel of onomatopoeia be related to the frequency of test tones and the consonant of that be related to the nature of test tones.

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We encountered 7 patients of deep neck infection, of whom 5 underwent surgery and the remaining 2 had diabetes mellitus and were given no surgical treatment. One of the latter 2 patients recovered with conservative therapy, while the other died despite little or no difference in the severity of the disease and similar treatment given. Judging from the experience, it is concluded that prompt surgical intervention is basic to the treatment of deep neck infection.
Patients with gas-producing deep neck infection may present with symptoms suggestive of infection with anaerobic bacteria, but streptococci are frequently detected in such patients in clinical practice. Streptococci are bacteria isolated at a high incidence from lesions of deep neck infection. Among them, S. illeri is frequently isolated from lesions accompanied with abscess formation.

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Quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients has attracted attention in recent years and will be an important social matter. However, QOL of head and neck cancer patients has not been defined and the assessment of QOL of these patients has not been established. We collected a questionnaire concerning QOL from 163 head and neck cancer patients after operation and obtained the following results.
The questionnaire included four major items. (1) status of health, (2) comparison with normal individuals of the same ages, (3) degrees of satisfaction in daily life and (4) Grogono-Woodgate Index consisting of 10 sub-items concerning daily life. The collected replies were all scored to compare between types of head and neck cancer.
The study included a total of 163 patients (123 males and 40 females): 44 cases of laryngeal cancer, 34 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer, 31 cases of tongue cancer, 25 cases of cancer in the oral cavity (tongue excluded), 15 cases of oropharyngeal cancer, 7 cases of naso-sinus cancer and 7 cases of other types of head and neck cancer. They were aged 61.2 years on average.
After operation, the scores were inferior to nomal persons with regard to all the questioned items. Specially for conversation, meal-taking and working ability, the patients had much less ability. Roughly speaking, postoperative general status was favorable in patients with laryngeal cancer. In tongue cancer and oro-pharyngeal cancer, QOL was poor with frequent troubles in speaking and meal-taking. Owing to esophageal reconstruction using the free jejunum, difficulties in meal-taking decreased in frequency in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.

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Neurofibromatosis is divided into 8 types. Acoording to the Baylor neurofibromatosis program Type I of this disease is called Von Recklinghausen's disease.
In 25 patients with type I neurofibromatosis who first visited our department during the period from January 1990 to September 1992, we carried out a balance test, electronystagmography (ENG), electroencephalography (EEG), and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
None of the patients complained of disequilibrium nor did they have any past positive history of disequilibrium. The balance test was normal in all patients.
ENG revealed some, weak signs of nystagmus in all cases. EEG disclosed borderline or abnormal features in 56.3% of all cases.
Cranial MRI revealed no signs suggestive of acoustic nerve tumor. However, T1-and T2-weighted MR images from some cases containedhigh-intensity or low-intensity areas in the cerebellum and the brainstem.
Although no signs typical of this disease were found, the presence of some abnormalities in the cerebellum through the brainstem was suggested in patients with type I neurofibromatosis.

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The patient is a 51-year-old female with mental retardation. She had headaches and eye symptoms since she was forty-two years old, and had been receiving treatment under the neurosurgery department of another hospital. Since a cyst was found in the anterior cranial fossa in CT, a craniotomy was performed. However, total extraction of the cyst was impossible. Nine years after the surgery, exophthalmos and intracranial pressure sthenia appeared, therefore the patient was referred to our department. Because we diagnosed the cyst as a mucocele of paranasal sinuses in X-ray, we performed the operation, opening of the front wall of the mucocele, through the endonasal approach. After that, the exophthalmos was improved, and the paranasal sinuses healed with a formation of cavity. The cause why the treatment delayed was that the patient had mental retardation and the time to visit the otorhinolaryngology department for the first time was delayed.

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The zygomatic arch may be fractured with or without involvement of the body of the malar bone. This structure is weak and highly susceptible to trauma. Zygomatic arch fracture produces flatness on that area and often induces trismus when the fragments are impinging on the coronoid process of the mandible or on the temporalis muscle. Up to the present, Gillies open reduction or intraoral approach have been used for the correction of this fracture. However, these methods cannot approach over the fracture site. Then it is sometimes difficult to correct the structure when the zygomatic arch is fragmented to multiple pieces or when ossification has taken place after fracture.
The skin incision of the modified Gillies incision is question mark-shaped. The temporal incision is extended to the rim of the tragus and carried through the skin and superficial fascia to the level of the temporal fascia. The full depth of the superficial fascia is reflected with the skin flap.Thenervefilamentsruninthesuperficial fascia and then it is extremely important to elevate the full depth of this fascia to save the facial nerve. The skin flap is elevated toward anterior direction and the zygomatic arch is exposed.
In this paper, a case with zygomatic arch fracture was treated by this method and a good result was obtained. The surgical technique is discussed.

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A case of pilomatorixoma in the right preauricular region in a 6-year-old man is reported. A solitary bone-hard subcutaneous nodule (1cm×2cm) was in the buccal fat, which had no relationship to a parotid gland. Above observations were possible by radiography, CT-scan and ultrasonography before the operation. The nodule was surgically removed easily. Histopathological examination showed basophilic cells and shadow cells in the tissue. It is a typical appearance of pilomatorixoma.
Previous reports of pilomatorixoma are also reviewed. Many cases have been reported by dermatologists, but only 18 cases have been reported by otorhinolaryngologists in Japan before our report: the first report by an otorhinolaryngologist was by Masayuki Nagakura in 1968. Pilomatorixoma is often observed in the head and neck region, therefore, otorhinolaryngologists should be aware of the lesion.
Pilomatorixomas often show non-typical clinical appearances: perforating type, cystic type, bullous appearance type, eruptive type and etc. Pilomatorixomas usually occurs solitary and rarely occurs multiple. Some of multiple pilomatorixomas are thought of one of the symptoms of myotonic dystrophy.
In conclusion, preoperative diagnosis is very important, therefore, radiography, CT-scan and ultrasonography are significant for differential diagnosis of pilomatorixoma.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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