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Volume 39, Issue Supplement2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Kunio Yamamoto, Yoichi Ishizuka, Yukako Imamura, Mika Nishizawa1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 123-127
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNebulizers which have been seriously contaminated by microbes are a likely source of infection. Therefore, we investigated the disinfection method of nebulizers.
According to questionnaires, the disinfection agents used for the nebulizers in 29 hospitals are as follows: Benzalkonium chloride 11 hospitals, Chlorhexidine gluconate 7 hospitals, Sodium hypochlorite 4 hospitals, Glutaraldehyde 2 hospitals,
From the used nebulizers, various bacterias such as CNS, Corynebacterium and S. aureus were detected. We used sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate for the disinfection of nebulizers and observed that they had sterilizing effects. For the disinfection of nebulizers, it is desirable to use agents that have a wide range of sterilizing and disinfecting effects against tubercle bacillus and fungus as well as against general bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1495K) -
Yuichi Kimura, Hitoshi Saito, Shigehito Mori1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 128-131
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of aspirin and prednisolon on the nasal ciliary activity (CA) was examined in vitro. CA was investigated by a photo-electric method using normal human ethmoid sinus mucosa and observed from 5 to 3 minutes in RPMI-1640 including aspirin and prednisolon.
Results obtained were as follows:
1. In the medium 0.18%(1, 800mg/l), 0.36%(3, 600mg/l) aspirin, CA was increased after 5 minutes until after 30 minutes. On the other hand, in 0.72%(7, 200mg/l) of aspirin, CA was reduced in according to the time, and in 0.90%(9, 000mg/l) of aspirin, CA was immediately inhibited.
2. In addition of 0.05%(500 mg/l) or 0.10%(1, 000mg/l) prednisolone, CA was increased after 5minutes and showed a tendency of increase after 30 minutes. Although the mechanisms of efficacy of aspirin and prednisolone to CA remain unknown, our results suggest that they are effective drugs on CA at least.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Yuichi Majima, Teruhiko Harada, Yongging Guo, Yasuo Sakakura1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 132-136
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight normal male subjects participated in this study. Neurokinin A (NKA, 128μg), one of the nonadrenergic and noncholinergic neuropeptides, or physiological saline solution as a control was administered to nasal mucosa by jet nebulizer. The nasal mucosa was treated with thiorphan (2.5 mg), a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, 10 minutes prior to NKA or saline administration. Ten minutes after NKA or saline challenge, dose responses to histamine were examined.
There was no significant difference in the histamine concentration that initially caused sneeze or watery rhinorrhea between NKA and saline administrations. NKA did not change the nasal patency evaluated by acoustic rhinometer. Results suggest that NKA does not induce hyperresponsiveness to histamine in normal human nose.View full abstractDownload PDF (641K) -
Yutaka Homma, Takayasu Yokoyama, Satoshi Nonaka, Tokuji Unno1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 137-140
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes of the intranasal and ear canal pressure on swallowing during jet nebulizer therapy are studied. Intranasal pressure was temporarily increased on swallowing during nebulizer therapy, and it grew greater as the flow rate of nebulizer increased. Maximum change of intranasal pressure on swallowing in this study was about 20 cmH2O. The ear canal pressure was slightly increased with the change of intranasal pressure on swallowing.
These results suggest that swallowing movement during jet nebulizer therapy is effective to induce the aerosol particles to the paranasal cavities, and that therapy may also be effective to the lesion in the tuba auditiva and tympanic cavity. It should be considered that swallowing is an easy method to make nebulizer therapy for the paranasal and tympanic cavities more effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (596K) -
Mayumi Komori, Yuka Kondo, Akihiko Takasu, Sigenobu Iwata1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 141-144
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExchange of air between the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses has not been fully understood. We established a model of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to investigate ventilation between the two nasal compartments by measuring changes in topical pressures and concentrations of owing media. Flowing media used in the study were water and air.
As a hydraulic experiment, the entire model was filled with water and a pulsation ow was generated by a piston. Topical pressures were measured, then the cavity and the sinus of the model were filled with water solutions of different concentrations, and the flow was generated. The change in concentrations of the solution in the sinus were measured with an absorptiometer using a He-Ne laser. Exchange rates of the medium in the sinus per one respiration were calculated. In both series, the rotating speed of the piston and the capacity of the sinus were varied.
As an aerodinamic experiment, resistance was applied to the glass model and a pulsation flow was generated by a pump with a 450 ml displacement. Pressures in the cavity and sinus were measured. The resistance and the diameter of the sinus ostium were varied.
The hydraulic experiment showed that there was a phase difference between the changes in pressures in the cavity and that in the sinus. It was also found that the changes in pressures in the sinus increased with rotating speed of the piston, which presumably resulted to increased ventilation between the two compartments. When the capacity of the sinus was small, the exchange rate was more than double. The capacity of the sinus was not related to the changes in pressures but it was closely related to diffusion of the medium.
The aerodinamic experiment showed that the pressure both in the cavity and the sinus increased with the resistance. The pressures in the cavity and that in the sinus changed almost identically even when the diameter of the sinus ostium was small. It was speculated that the presence of resistance in the posterior cavity increased in the air ow into the sinus.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Yoshinobu Sato, Hiroshi Kurahashi, Tomoko Tokukatsu, Eiko Yoshizawa, K ...1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 145-150
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParticle size of the drug substance in the suspension, spill of the suspension from the nasal cavity and the distribution of the drug substance in the nasal cavitiy were studied using Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray (MFNS), a newly developed non-CFC (chloro fluoro carbon) product.
The particle size was observed by the microscope. The spill of the suspension was observed for two minutes after 1 to 3 bursts into a plastic human-nose-model. A quantitative analysis of the distribution in the nasal cavity was performed by HPLC using 20 pieces of filter paper (1×1 cm) placed on the intranasal wall of the plastic model.
The particle size of drug substance in MFNS was mostly less than 5 μm. The spill of the suspension from the nostril was not observed after one burst. The distribution of MFNS in the nasal cavity was wide and reasonable for clinical use, as well as dose dependent.View full abstractDownload PDF (556K) -
Hiroyuki Yokoi, Masae Shibasaki, Tsuyosi Tanabe, Tadasi Horiuchi, Kazu ...1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 151-155
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe did the following experiments by using small, cheap ultrasonic nebulizer which made the best use of the characteristic of the ultrasonic which had been developed in recent years. Comparison of atomization particle distribution with ultrasonic nebulizer.
1) Comparison of atomization particle distribution with jet nebulizer. 2) Particle distribution of various medicines in ultrasonic nebulizer. 3) Change in particle distribution by continuous atomization. 4) Comparison of particle distribution by difference of density of medicine. 5) Examination of utility. The experiment result was as follows.
1) The particle distribution of ultrasonic nebulizer is equal to the jet type. 2) There is no difference of the particle distribution between various medicines. 3) The change in the particle distribution is not seen concerning continuous atomization. 4) The particle distribution change according to the difference of the density of the medicine is not seen. 5) The utility was admitted by the patient monitorView full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
INHALATION TOXICITY OF DOMESTIC SPRAYSYoichi Ishizuka, Kunio Yamamoto, Yukako Imamura1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 156-161
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNebulization of the upper airway tract has few side effects so it is a desirabe therapy. However occasionally, aerosol particles can be deposited in the lower respiratory tract. Aerosol particles have a higher possibility of causing lesions in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper respiratory tract. In our daily life, we have many opportunities to use various spray products. Care should be taken with the use of these sprays because aerosol particles contained in some of these products have high possibilities of causing lesions in the lower respiratory tract. Water-proof sprays have caused fatal accidents, in which it was supposed that interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary edema resulted from the inhalation of toxic fluorocarbon resin. Moreover, poisoning from hair spray, static electricity-proof spary and insecticide spray have also been reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (2539K) -
Takashi Matsunaga1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 162-164
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLike nebulization therapy for the nasal and paranasal sinuses, laryngeal nebulization therapy is an important and frequently used means of treating otorhinolaryngological disease. Last year, at the 18th meeting of this society, headed by Prof. Ginichiro Ichikawa of Juntendo University, I served as the chairman of the symposium entitled “Problems regarding laryngeal nebulization therapy”. Presentations made during that symposium was published in O.R.L. Tokyo 38 Supplement 2, 1995. Today's symposium focused on confirming basic data regarding effective methods of laryngeal nebulization therapy and exchanging clinical data which indicate effective methods of nebulization therapy, effective drugs for nebulization therapy and cases responding well to this therapy, with emphasis laid on inflammatory laryngeal disease.
The first four presentations appertain to the basics of laryngeal nebulization therapy. First, Dr. Suzuki will make a presentation on the kinetics of bacterial flora in the larynx. Dr. Kumazawa will then speak about deposition of aerosols in the larynx following nebulization therapy. Third, Dr. Shimizu will report on levels of inhaled drugs in blood and airway mucosa as well as histological changes in the airway mucosa following inhalation of drugs using a nebulizer. Dr. Mori will then speak about the effects of changes in relative humidity, osmotic pressure and pH on the airway mucosa.
The first presentation on the clinical aspects of nebulization therapy will be made by Dr. Muta, who will present clinical results of laryngeal nebulization application of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of acute inflammatory disease and wounds which is made by phonosurgical operations. Dr. Hyo and Dr. Ogawa will then report on attempts to objectively evaluate the redness of the laryngeal mucosa using digital video images. Finally, Dr. Matsune will report on attempts to develop objective means of assessing lesions of the laryngeal mucosa, using a rigid laryngoscope, stroboscope, TV camera, electronic endoscope. I hope this symposium will serve as a milestone regarding basic and clinical aspects of effective laryngeal nebulization therapy for inflammatory disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Kenji Suzuki, Shunkichi Baba, Etsuo Tanaka, Isamu Tanaka1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 165-169
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are several so-called organ defense systems in the upper respiratory tract, where microbes can enter from the outside. Recently, the role of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract in fighting infection has attracted attention. In the present paper, we studied normal bacterial flora of the larynx, the posterior pharyngeal wall, the palatine tonsil and the nasal cavity of patients who were free from otolaryngological diseases ranging in age from newborn to 84 years. We examined the acquisition and changes in normal bacterial flora at those sites. We also studied the detection of bacteria during acute and chronic laryngitis. We found that the normal flora of α-Streptococcus, Lactococcus, and Micrococcus started to develop 6 hours after birth in the neonatal larynx, and was detected 24 hours after birth in all cases. We did not isolated any anaerobes from the neonatal larynx until 5 days after birth. The detected ratios of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria decreased with aging. The detected ratio of anaerobes increased with advancing age. The bacteria isolated from the larynx, the posterior pharyngeal wall and the palatine tonsil were similar. From the investigation of causative bacteria in laryngitis, we confirmed that the causative bacteria of laryngitis could often be isolated from the posterior pharyngeal wall.View full abstractDownload PDF (670K) -
Hirobumi Kumazawa, Asako Mikiya, Toshio Yamashita, Sang Kil Ha-Kawa1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 170-175
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied deposition rate of aerosol particles to the upper air way by ultrasonic nebulizer therapy (OMRON NEU-11 B). Deposition rate of aerozol particles in the upper air way was analyzed by a counting system of radio active isotope (99mTc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid: 99mTc DTPA) Volunteers in good health inhaled the aerozol containing 99mTc-DTPA with various respiratory conditions. The deep and slow respiration (12 times/min) demonstrated the high deposition rate of 99mTc-DTPA in the lung and the low deposition rate in larynx. In contrast, the fast respiration (36 times/min) increased deposition of isotope in larynx. Futhermore, when the volunteers vocalized with the fast respiration, the deposition rate of isotope to volunteer's larynx was highest in comparison with those of other respiratory conditions. These results suggest that respiratory conditions influenced the deposition of aerosol particles to the upper air way by ultrasonic nebulizer therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Takeshi Shimizu, [in Japanese], Yuichi Majima, Masako Kimura, Fuminori ...1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 176-180
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the absorption of various drugs through laryngeal mucosa in the treatment with an aerosol inhalation nebulizer. We produced rabbit model of aerosol nebulization of larynx, then, CMX or betamethasone phosphate was given by a jet nebulizer. Tissue and blood concentrations of these drugs were measured after the nebulization. Since betamethasone phosphate changes into betamethasone by hydrolysis after the absorption, the concentrations of betamethasone were also measured. The effects of inflammation on drug absorption was studied in the inflammated mucosa produced by the pretreatment withlipopolysaccharides (LPS).
The tissue concentrations of oral or tracheal mucosae of all these drugs were higher than that of vocal cord and false cord, and no difference was observed between the drug absorption through oral mucosa (multilayered spuamous epithelium) and tracheal mucosa (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium). We observed higher concentrations of CMX and betamethasone phosphate in each tissue at 15 minutes after the nebulization, while that of betamethasone was highest at 60 minutes. The blood concentration of betamethasone phosphate was highest just after the nebulization, and that of betamethasone was highest at 60 minutes. These results indicate that sufficient amount of betamethasone; hydrolytic product of betamethasone phosphate, stays more than 60 minutes in local tissue, and the nebulization therapy of betamethasone phosphate will be effective in the treatment of laryngeal inflammation. We also observed increased absorption of betamethasone phosphate in the inflammated mucosaproduced by the pretreatment with LPS, indicating that the inflammation enhances the drug absorption through the laryngeal mucosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (698K) -
Shigehito Mori, Hitoshi Saito1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 181-189
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAerosol inhalation therapy for the larynx is one of the most popular treatments for laryngeal diseases. However, both the guideline how to combine drugs and the adverse effects of this treatment remain unknown.
We investigated the adverse effects of this treat ment for the larynx from the two viewpoints as follows:
1) The effects on ciliary activity (CA) of osmotic pressure, pH, and stimulating agents to paranasal mucosal CA such as aspirin, predonisolone and erythromycin were investigated by a photo-electric method, using human tracheal mucosa. Furthermore, these effects were compared with those of human ethmoid mucosa.
CA of human ethmoidal mucosa was reduced in the solutions of 57, 570 and 875 mOsm/kg adjusted by H2O or NaCl. However, CA of tracheal mucosa wOas not reduced in 570mOsm/kg-solution adjusted by NaCl. While CA of the ethmoidal mucosa in solutions between pH 4.5 and 6.5 was reduced, but CA of the trachea did not reduced.
tracheal mucosa were enhanced in the solutions between pH 8.5 and 10.5, or with predonisolone and erythromycin. Furthermore, aspirin enhanced CA of the tracheal mucosa more strongly than the ethmoidal mucosa. These results suggest that the same drugs used in nasal inhalation therapy could be used for the larynx almost in the same manner.
2) The clinical features of aerosol inhalation therapy for the larynx and its side effects were investigated using the mail questionnaire. Of 376 practitioners, 254 (67.6%) answered the questionnaire. Although various drugs were used in various concentrations in the inhalation, a few cases of side effects had no relationships among the kinds of inhalation drugs, the concentrations of drugs and the aerosol equipments. These questionnaire revealed that the clinical side effects of inhalation therapy for the larynx rarely occur unexpectedly. Therefore, we must observe the patients carefully during their inhalation therapy and give attention to sudden accidents.View full abstractDownload PDF (1636K) -
Yukikazu Hyo, Yoshinobu Ogawa1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 190-194
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a way of estimating the effect of therapy for acute laryngitis, objective evaluating method was made by the measurement of redness of laryngeal mucosa comparing with subjective symptom.
The laryngeal mucosa of 36 normal cases and 40 acute laryngitis cases before and after ultrasonic nebulizer therapy, were observed by electronic fiberscopy, recorded the findings using U-matic videorecorder and then, transferred the findings into personal computer on digital design through video bord. These pictures were analyzed brightness and signals of three primary colors; red, green and blue with software of picture management. After all, the redness was measured as the color difference signal with the difference between red signal and bright.
The disease types of acute laryngitis cases were classified by this objective evaluation comparing with normal cases. Moreover, the redness before and after ultrasonic nebulizer therapy were measured.
From the results, the effectiveness of ultrasonic nebulizer therapy was made more clear by the objective evaluation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1326K) -
ESTIMATION OF GLOTTAL AREA BY PHOTOELECTRIC GLOTTOGRAMShoji Matsune, Kazutoshi Mizoi, Mitsuaki Iwamoto, Toshio Miyanohara, M ...1996 Volume 39 Issue Supplement2 Pages 195-203
Published: August 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo estimate the healing process of inflammatory diseases of the larynx objectively, photoelectric glottogram was applied. Reflecting light on the mucosal wave during vocal cord vibration was detected through the rigid-type endoscope, and transformed into electric signals for analyzing the frequency patterns based on the glottal area during phonation. The control patterns showed variability in fundamental and sequential frequencies among individuals. However, after microscopic laryngeal surgery and/or conservative therapy including the nebulization for such diseases as laryngeal nodes and acute laryngitis, it was possible to estimate the healing process objectively by this method.View full abstractDownload PDF (3272K)
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