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Volume 46 (2003)
- Issue 6 Pages 462-
- Issue 5 Pages 342-
- Issue 4 Pages 266-
- Issue 3 Pages 190-
- Issue 2 Pages 114-
- Issue 1 Pages 8-
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Volume 34 (1991)
- Issue 6 Pages 595-
- Issue 5 Pages 507-
- Issue 4 Pages 385-
- Issue 3 Pages 261-
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- Issue 1 Pages 5-
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Volume 31 (1988)
- Issue 6 Pages 757-
- Issue 5 Pages 613-
- Issue 4 Pages 425-
- Issue 3 Pages 273-
- Issue 2 Pages 127-
- Issue 1 Pages 9-
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Volume 46, Issue Supplement1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Yoshio Nishizawa, Yasuko Nishizawa, Fumi Yoshioka, [in Japanese], [in ...2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 3-14
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the cyclooxygenasel (CO × 1) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway share arachidonic acid cascade (AAC) as a common substrate, blockade of the prostanoid pathway by NSAIDs is proposed to shunt arachidonate down the 5-LOX pathway, leading to elevated formation of cystinyl-leukotriens (cLTs) and hence to an adverse respiratory reaction. We investigated whether inhaled Chinese traditional herbal medicine, Shen-Bi-Tang (SBT) (Japanese name : Shinpi-to) compared with inhales sodium cromoglicate (DSCG) attenuates the response to bronchial challenge with lysine aspirin (LA) and the associated increase in LTC4 and LTD4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in 114 bronchial asthmatic patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA). Each subject was challenged twice with a single threshold dose of LA, which caused a FEV1.0 of 20% or more decrease in a preliminary test, immediately after inhation of various concentrations of mainly 500 μg/ml SBT in DSCG 20mg of capsule used as DSCG by spinhera used as DSCG. FEV1.0 was recorded at 30 min intervals for 4h. LTC4 and LTD4 in BALF were measured by combined highperformance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Preinhaled SBT provided almost completed protection against bronchoconstriction by challenge with LA-inhalation in all patients. Increased LTC4 and LTD4 in BALF by challenge with LA-inhalation was also suppressed. This data confirms that preinhalation of SBT is highly effective in preventing AIA and suggests that this effect is mediated by inhibition of LT production. Inhalation of SBT (500 μg/1capsul/4times /day ; group A) or DSCG (20mg/1capsul/4times/day ; group B) for 1 year in a rardomizod comparative trial was done in 114 patients with AIA. Inhalation of SBT significantly improved quality of life (H-QOL), and chronic pain (CD) such as total-diseases related symptoms (T-DRS), its components, the QWB, sore, face scale (vs before p<0.001, vs DSCG p<0.001) induced with internal medical diseases such as AIA. Symptoms induced by AIA-attacks were so decreased superior in group A than in group B (vs before : p<0.001), vs DSCG)). These improvements of AIA and H-QOL by SBT-inhalaled therapy are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1665K) -
Minoru Yokota, Yuji Yoshiyama, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japan ...2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 15-19
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the effect of wash solutions (mouth rinsing and gargling) on removing drug residues in the mouth after steroid nebulization. The concentration of fluticazone propionate in mouthwash after drug inhalation was measured by HPLC. We used CMC-Na solution and water for wash solution and the mouth was wet or dry. CMC-Na removed drug in the mouth better than water. Removal was greater under wet than dry condition. These results indicate that CMC-Na is useful for removing drug residue in the mouth after steroid nebulization. It is important to pay attention to conditions in the mouth before gargling on the occasion for the taking medicine guidance to the patient.View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
Yoji Yamamoto, Masahiko Dohi, Yasuhide Uejima2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 20-23
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNasal drug delivery, which is a non-invasive route, has been considered as a preferential administration route for peptidal drugs that are usually administered by intravenous injection. Previously, we have demonstrated that the bioavailability of drugs such as leuprolide (M.W. 1, 300) and salmon calcitonin (M.W. 3, 400) can be greatly enhanced by special nasal formulations with powder excipients. In this report, we investigated the nasal absorption of a drug having a slightly higher molecular weight. A peptidal drug with a molecular weight of 5, 500, dalton which is a fragment of the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, was nasally administered to rabbits. It was found that the powder formulations with microcrystalline cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose enhanced the nasal absorption of the drug to 20 fold in Cmax and 100 fold in bio-availability (i.e., 5%), compared with liquid formulation. Interestingly, the plasma concentration of the drug was kept constant for at least 60 minutes which has not been seen in our previous studies. It was presumed that the protease inhibitory effect of the drug prevented the drug degradation to allow its continuous absorption at the nasal mucosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Yoji Yamamoto, Masahiko Dohi, Yasuhide Uejima2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 24-27
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDry powder formulations could have an excellent potential in enhancing the absorption of nasally administered drugs. In this report, we investigated the effect of polymeric excipients on the nasal absorption of low molecular weight water soluble drugs using 5 carboxy fluorescein (CF) as a model compound. Powder formulations of CF with a base material of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), CMC-Na salt and CMC-Ca salt were nasally administered to rabbits. Distinct difference in the plasma pattern was found between MCC and CMCs. The latter formulations showed delayed absorption at a Tmax of 45 minutes with enhanced bioavailablity comparable with MCC + HPC. The difference was presumed to be a result of the different degree of interaction between the excipients and CF. It is suggested that plasma pattern control could be achieved by careful selection of the base materials for nasal powder formulations.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Michitoshi Araki, Tetsuya Terada, Hiroshi Takenaka, Takashi Ito, Atsuk ...2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 28-33
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo confirm the effectiveness of widening the middle meatus as a conservative treatment in outpatients with rhinosinusitis, we conducted two controlled studies in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The widening technique consisted of the application of a cotton swab or wool soaked with epinephrine to the middle meatus for about 5 minutes. Subjective symptoms and diagnostic images were then scored. Randomization was performed using sealed envelopes. The subjective symptom scores showed significant relief in both treatment groups. However the diagnostic imaging scores did not improved significantly in either treatment groups. We conclude that widening the middle meatus is useful for relieving symptoms in patients with rhinosinusitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (690K) -
Kyosuke Furukido2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 34-40
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe YAMIK sinus catheter (YAMIK) has recently been reported to be a useful therapeutic device for the treatment of sinusitis. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of YAMIK and compare its delivery of normal saline (NS) and betamethasone solution (0.4mg/ml) into the paranasal sinuses. The following parameters were evaluated : (i) clinical nasal symptoms (nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, postnasal drip, and headache); (ii) radiographs (ethmoid and maxillary sinuses); and (iii) cytokine levels (IL-1 β, IL-8, and TNF- α) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nasal symptoms, i.e., nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, postnasal drip, and headache, in 45.5%, 78.9%, 56.5%, and 76.5%, respectively, of the patients. The radiographic findings in the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses improved in 51.7% and 87.5%, respectively, of the patients. Levels of the cytokine IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF- α correlated with the total X-ray scores (Rs = 0.396, Rs = 0.402, and Rs = 0.319, respectively). The total nasal symptom scores decreased significantly after the first therapy and the total X-ray scores significantly decreased after therapy with NS or the betamethasone solution. The levels of IL-1 β and IL-8 in both the NS and betamethasone groups, had significantly decreased at the third and second week, respectively, whereas the TNF- α level decreased after the first treatment with betamethasone solution and remained unchanged after treatment with NS. These findings suggest that YAMIK is clinically effective in the treatment of sinusitis, and that evacuation of pathological effusions in the sinuses may exert a beneficial effect by reducing the levels of IL-1 β and IL-8. We speculate that removal of pathological effusions from the sinuses may exert its therapectic effect through different mechanisms than the mechamisms of the effect of betamethasone.View full abstractDownload PDF (1157K) -
Yuji Yoshiyama, Kazue Seki, Kyoko Mino, Tomoko Yazaki, Motoko Kanke, [ ...2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 41-44
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe new ultrasonic mesh nebulizer “Micro A-I-R” (NE-U22 ; OMRON Co., Tokyo, Japan) has recently been marketed, and we investigated its effect on the stability of several drugs. Stability tests showed that the ratios of the drugs remained above 95% after ultrasonic nebulization with the new nebulizer. The new ultrasonic nebulizer produces smaller particle aerosols and can effectively deliver medication in suspension. The residual volume after nebulization is small, and the nebulizer is compact and light, and can be operated with dry batteries. These characteristics make it portable and more convenient for patient use. We would also like to emphasize that suitable nebulizer therapy can be provided to patients, including infants and the elderly, if devices and drug formulations continue to be improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Hiroshi Takano, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], Masayuki Itoh, Noboru Hy ...2003 Volume 46 Issue Supplement1 Pages 45-50
Published: August 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAerosol inhalation therapy is generally used for postoperative clinical care of sinusitis. To realize more effective aerosol therapy for drug delivery to the paranasal sinus, some physical parameters, such as spray angle, flow rate, and drug particle size were discussed with the drug deposition fraction by using a nasal model of postoperative medical care. The flow in the nasal cavity and the drug particle velocity were calculated by numerical analysis. The numerical results were obtained as follows :
The ratio of the flow rate into the maxillary sinus and the inlet was almost 1.23-1.44% in the numerical analysis. The optimum spray angle was obtained as 45° and 60° for the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses, respectively. The drug deposition fraction varied from 0.072-0.248% for the maxillary sinus and changed to 0.002-0.032% at the ethmoid sinus respectively depending in the flow rate of the inhalant and the drop size of the drugs. The drug deposition fractions in the paranasal sinus, the middle nasal meatus, and the inferior nasal meatus were increased at the impaction parameter of 1, 500-2, 000. The drug deposition fraction was also increased in the paranasal sinus for the spray angle of 45°-60°.View full abstractDownload PDF (904K)
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