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Volume 48 (2005)
- Issue 6 Pages 334-
- Issue 5 Pages 272-
- Issue 4 Pages 212-
- Issue 3 Pages 138-
- Issue 2 Pages 72-
- Issue 1 Pages 6-
- Issue Supplement1 Pag･･･
Volume 34 (1991)
- Issue 6 Pages 595-
- Issue 5 Pages 507-
- Issue 4 Pages 385-
- Issue 3 Pages 261-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 5-
- Issue Supplement8 Pag･･･
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Volume 31 (1988)
- Issue 6 Pages 757-
- Issue 5 Pages 613-
- Issue 4 Pages 425-
- Issue 3 Pages 273-
- Issue 2 Pages 127-
- Issue 1 Pages 9-
- Issue Supplement9 Pag･･･
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Volume 48, Issue Supplement1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Noriaki Katsui, Eiji Kita, Michiko Manabe2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 3-8
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNebulizers have been recognized as potential agents of nosocomial infection. We studied effective and practical means for decontaminating nebulizers, focusing on (1) the association between nebulizer handling and contamination, (2) nebulizer disinfection, (3) microbial hazard of corrugated tubes and airfilters attached to nebulizers, (4) the microbial hazard of jet versus ultrasonic nebulizers, and (5) damage and eventual contamination of ultrasonic nebulizer medication cups.View full abstractDownload PDF (1001K) -
Mitsutoshi Hiraishi, Yoichi Ishizuka, Ryoko Chiba2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 9-12
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted an experimental using guinea pigs to evaluate the antigenicity of an aromatic, 1-menthol, in a nebulizer solution, cefmenoxime hydrochloride, with the aromatic added. Schultz-Dale reactions were used for the antigenic study. The reaction of the nebulizer solution containing menthol to Schultz-Dale test was negative, showing that menthol antigenicity was low and suggesting that no problem exists in safety in using a nebulizer solution with menthol added.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Mami Yamada, Shigeharu Fujieda, Takechiyo Yamada, Noboru Takahashi2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 13-16
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHyperthermia of the nasal mucosa is known to be an effective therapy for acute viral rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Fibroblasts produce large amount of chemokines, which strongly influence immunity, inflammation, allergy and host defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the influence of hyperthermia and cytokine stimulation on chemokine production by human nasal fibroblasts. Fibroblast cell lines were established from human nasal mucosa obtained during turbinate surgery after receiving informed consent. These fibroblast cells were then stimulated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (5 ng/ml : Peprotech EC Ltd., UK), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) (10 ng/ml : Peprotech EC Ltd. UK) or IL-4 (20 ng/ml : Peprotech EC Ltd. UK) with or without hyperthermic stimulation. IL-8 and RANTES concentrations in the supernatant were measured using ELISA (BioSource International Inc., California). IL-1β induced a large amount of IL-8 and RANTES production by the human nasal mucosa-derived fibroblast cells. Additional treatment with hyperthermia (42°C, 20 min) reduced IL-8 production by the fibroblast cells. On the other hand, hyperthermia enhanced RANTES production induced by IL-1β stimulation. Hyperthermia had no Effect on IL-8/RANTES production induced by TNFα eotaxin production induced by IL-4. These results indicated that hyperthermia influences chemokine production in human nasal fibroblast cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (903K) -
Yuji Yoshiyama, Rika Hashikura, Motoko Kanke, Kei Asai2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 17-21
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe comparatively investigated the aerosol characteristics and the chemical stability of various nebulization therapies applied using a procaterol hydrochloride inhalation solution unit, a newly developed test product for nebulization.
The new mesh-type ultrasonic nebulizer (NE-U22) attained high scores for the amount of drug emitted from the nebulizer, the percentage of respirable particles among the emitted particles, and the effective index. In addition, the aerosol characteristics of 0.5mL of undiluted procaterol hydrochloride inhalation solution applied using the NE-U22 were equivalent to those of a procaterol inhalation solution diluted with saline. This result suggests that the NE-U22 can aerosolize undiluted procaterol hydrochloride inhalation solution within a short time period.
On the other hand, compressor-type jet-nebulizers scored even higher with regard to the percentage of respirable particles among the emitted particles; however, the amount of drug emitted from this nebulizer and the effective index were both lower than those for the NE-U22 because of the large amount of residual drug remaining in the jet-nebulizers.
Furthermore, the procaterol hydrochloride inhalation solution unit could be stably used in various types of nebulizers, demonstrating that the procaterol hydrochloride inhalation solution unit is useful for various nebulization therapies.
Since the aerosol characteristics are different between ultrasonic nebulizers and jet-nebulizers, the most effective nebulizer should be selected for each patient based on the nebulizer's aerosol characteristics.
In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that nebulization therapy using the new procaterol hydrochloride inhalation solution unit is a highly effective therapy for many asthmatic patients, especially when used in conjunction with the newly marketed mesh-type nebulizer, which is smaller, is quieter, and performs better than other nebulizers.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
Hideshi Natsume, Takuya Maeno, Kazuo Ohtake, Yasunori Morimoto2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 22-29
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated whether a poly-L-arginine (poly-L-Arg) -induced increase in the tight-junction permeability of FITC-labeled dextran (MW 4.4 kDa, FD-4) is associated with a transient increase in transepithelial electroresistance (PD) and short-circuit current (Isc) immediately after poly-L-Arg exposure and occurs following tight-junction disassembly-related cellular signaling in the rabbit nasal epithelium.
A transient PD and Isc increase was associated with increased Cl- secretion induced by poly-L-Arg but not with the enhanced paracellular FD-4 permeability. Enhanced paracellular FD-4 permeability induced by poly-L-Arg was not changed by treatment with inhibitors of possible Ca2+ mobilization pathways followed by poly-L-Arg exposure, suggesting that the promotional effect of poly-L-Arg is independent of Ca2+-related signaling.
Protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors suppress an increase in tight-junction permeability by poly-L-Arg, indicating that serine/threonine may have been phosphorylated via Ca2+-independent PKC and tyrosine may have dephosphorylated the junction protein. ZO-1, a tight-junction-associated protein, and occludin, an integral membrane protein localized at the tight junction, were monitored immuno-fluorescently after preincubation with PKC and tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors followed by poly-L-Arg treatment, showing that ZO-1 and occludin were internalized via serin/threonine phosphorylation by PKC activation and via tyrosine dephosphorylation, providing tight-junction disassembly.
We concluded that poly-L-Arg enhances the paracellular permeability of macromolecular drugs via serin/threonine phosphorylation of ZO-1 involving Ca2+-independent PKC activation and tyrosine dephosphorylation of occludin in the rabbit nasal epithelium. Such phosphorylation and dephosphorylation disperses junction proteins, particularly ZO-1 and occludin, into cytoplasm, possibly followed by tight-junction disassembly. These findings should prove useful in developing transnasal delivery systems for macromolecular drugs with polycationic materials as solute transport enhancers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1746K) -
Toshio Ogoshi, Motofumi Ohki2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 30-35
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe sent a questionnaire to 165 institutions, i.e., 73 university hospitals and 92 ENT practitioners, in Japan to assess nebulizer ease of use and maintenance in preventing contamination.
The questionnaire asked whether an institation used nebulizers, the nebulizer model and manufacturer, precautions for proper use, and regular maintenance points and improvements physicians wanted.
Result showed that at university hospitals, nebulizer treatment was used at 56 (76.6%) but not 17 institutions (23.3%). ENT practitioners used nebulizers at all 92 clinics.
By model, 39 university hospitals use jet nebulizers, 8 ultrasonic nebulizers and 9 both.
Among the 92 ENT practitioners, 56 use only jet, 7 only ultrasonic, and 29 both.
Among respondents, 41 university hospitals (73.2%) and 69 ENT practitioners (75%) conducted regular maintenance. Many hospitals use maintenance service provided by nebulizer manufacturers.
Precautions taken by both groups are similar and ideas for improvements common. Main care issues are nebulizer disinfection, agent contamination, infection risk, drug allergy and ventilation of the clinical environment. Improvements requested included de-velopment of easy-to-disinfect design, compact lightweight units, and reduction in motor noise.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
Satoru Koyama2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 36-39
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt otolaryngological clinics, nebulizer therapy is widely used as local therapy in patients from infants to the elderly due to the effective drug delivery to local areas, the absence of pain, and the simple administration method. At present, the most common outpatient nebulizer type in the otolaryngological field is the jet type. A solution of the appropriate drug can be prepared for more than 1 patient at a time before use, this drug dose/type mistakes at the time of use do not occur, and only the inhaler portion, used in contact with the patient, is exchanged. Therefore, this type is very useful at outpatient clinics. However, this type also has the following problems : 1) nosocomial infection via the device, 2) complicated construction, 3) instrument disinfection methods, 4) the quality of inhaler materials, 5) compressed air and filters, and 6) periodical maintenance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1996K) -
Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Yoshinori Imanishi, Yuichi Majima2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 40-43
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the contamination of nebulizer units in otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics, we conducted bacterial culture tests at 11 facilities. Bacteria were cultured using nebulizer bulbs and connecting tubes and the air for spray. As a result, glucose nonfermenting gram negative rods such as Corynebacterium sp, P. aeruginosa, and S. Paucimobilis were detected. Larger numbers of bacteria were detected in nebulizer bulbs and connecting tubes than in the air for spray. Washing nebulizers and tubing better would decrease the number of bacteria significantly. We conclude that appropriate washing of nebulizer units lessens the number of contaminating bacteria in nebulizer units.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K) -
Keiji Yoshida, Takeshi Motobayashi2005 Volume 48 Issue Supplement1 Pages 44-48
Published: August 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOur jet nebulizer is an aerosol spray effective in curing sinusitis.
The optimum spray pressure producing the most suitable mist particles is 0.08MPa.
Curing sinusitis effectively requires that nebulizers be checked and cleaned regularly.View full abstractDownload PDF (2542K)
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