We report the case of a patient who presented with respiratory distress after sustaining a head injury, and was later diagnosed as having a retropharyngeal hematoma. An 82-year-old man fell in his home and sustained a contusion on the forehead. Computed tomography (CT) of the head performed by his previous doctor at the previous clinic revealed no evidence of bleeding or bone fracture. However, as the patient was receiving oral antiplatelet drug therapy, he was referred to our clinic and admitted for observation. In the ward, he began to experience progressively worsening respiratory distress. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed swelling of the posterior wall of the pharynx and a neck CT scan revealed the presence of a hematoma in the retropharyngeal space. As the hematoma compressed the respiratory tract and could potentially lead to respiratory arrest, a tracheotomy was performed. The conservative management resulted in spontaneous absorption of the hematoma and the patient was discharged.
　A retropharyngeal hematoma is an emergency medical condition that is associated with a high risk of airway obstruction, thereby requiring appropriate airway management. Since the incidence of retropharyngeal hematomas is high among elderly patients, it is necessary to adopt an approach that does not affect the patient's activities of daily living.

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　Paragangliomas of the head and neck region may be found at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, jugular fossa, and tympanum, but those occurring in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. We describe our experience with a case of paraganglioma arising in the right paranasal sinus.
　The patient was a 66-year-old woman with the chief complaints of right-sided nasal obstruction and purulent nasal discharge. Examination of the internal nose revealed a brownish polyp-like lesion filling the right nasal cavity. CT and MRI of the paranasal sinuses showed a mass lesion in the ethmoid sinus. Based on the biopsy results, a paraganglioma was suspected, and we performed a tumorectomy via an endoscopic transnasal approach. Histopathological examination of the resected specimens confirmed the diagnosis of paraganglioma. At present, 12 months since the surgery, the patient remains asymptomatic.
　It is extremely difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant paragangliomas. Furthermore, paragangliomas may recur locally or metastasize to other parts of the body. Therefore, it is necessary to continue monitoring the patient's condition closely over a long period of time.

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　Articulation therapy was administered to a child with an articulation disorder associated with bilateral moderate conductive hearing loss, without abnormalities of the vocal apparatus or speech organs, or any clear delay in intellectual development. The first articulation assessment at the age of 3 years 3 months revealed that all consonants, except for nasals [m, n, ɲ] and bilabial plosives [p, b], were substituted by glottal stops. The child was not using hearing aids. Articulation training was initiated based on a systematic articulation training program. In addition, in order to allow the child to experience the auditory stimuli necessary for the development of normal articulation, we recommended the use of hearing aids. Systematic articular training, along with the experience of auditory stimuli, led to the child developing normal articulation. This finding suggests the importance of appropriate hearing compensation for the development of normal articulation.

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