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Volume 38, Issue Supplement3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Yoshinori Tomiya, Tsuneya Nakajima, Hiroshi Moriyama1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 183-188
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied bacterial changes in the maxillary sinuses after endoscopic sinus surgery. Inresults, the bacteria which were found at the time of surgery were also found in post operative sinuses. It may be suggested that these pathogenic bacteria in chronic paranasal sinusitis resided in the sinus cavity as normal flora. Besides, we found bacteria in many sinuses which were sterile at the time of surgery within two months, and we thought that the bacteria which had resided in the nasal cavity moved into themaxillary sinuses from the ostium which was widely opened at the surgery.
We administered roxithromycin (RXM) for more than two months in the post operative follow-up period. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the bacteria tended to rise.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 189-194
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Toyohiko Minami, Nobuo Kubo, Hirofumi Kumazawa, Toshio Yamashita1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 195-201
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical usefulness of long-term low-dose roxithromycin (RXM) therapy is studied in 21 patients with chronic sinusitis with the use of the X-ray mucociliary function test. Half the usual daily dose (150 mg/day) of RXM was administrated for six months or longer. The symptom improvement rates for rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, postnasal discharge and heaviness of the head were 73.7%, 66.7%, 68.8% and 70.6%, respectively. X-ray mucociliary function test proved that mucociliary clearance function improved and/or mucosal edema in the maxillary sinuses decreased in more than 75% of the patients after RXM treatment. These results suggest that RXM improves the disease of chronic sinusitis even below the MIC level and that its efficacy may be due to improvement of the mucociliary clearance function.View full abstractDownload PDF (3460K) -
Eiichi Suzuki, Aihiko Matsuike, Noriyuki Ueno, Yasuo Hattori1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 202-208
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRoxithromycin (RXM 150-300mg/day) and Keigai-Rengyo-To (Tsumura TJ-50 7.5g/day) were administered concurrently for a period of four to eleven weeks in 12 cases of adult patients with chronic sinusitis during acute exacerbation. CT was employed for an objective judgement of the results of the treatment.
1. Clinical observations showed that this treatment was efficient in 2 cases and very efficient in 10 cases, and in these latter cases, all of the subjective symptoms disappeared in 2 to 6 weeks after the initiation of treatment. In the efficient cases, only acute exacerbationdisappeared.
2. In the 10 cases where the treatment was very efficient, the cure was confirmed in one case by an operation. In the remaining nine cases, a comparison of CT findings obtained before and after the treatment confirmed the disappearance of the uniform abnormal findings, such as shadows, thickening of the mucus membrane, and formation of liquid on the surface, in the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. There was no change in the CT findings obtained from the twoefficient cases.
3. Compared with the previous sole administration of EM antibiotics or TJ-50, there was a marked reduction in the period required with the concurrent administration of RXM and TJ-50, and we considered that the effect of the treatment was complete.View full abstractDownload PDF (5861K) -
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSTNASAL DISCHARGE AND POST-ARYTENOID AREAYohji Hori, Yasuo Koike, [in Japanese], Yasuo Ishitani, Koichi Tamura, ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 209-213
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChronic paranasal sinusitis is one of the diseases we encounter most frequently in our daily clinical practice at the departments of otorhinolaryngology. There are many reports on the therapeutic results of this disease. However, those reports have mainly dealt with improvement in subjective symptoms and objective findings concerning the nose, and not much attention has been paid to the foreign-body sensation in the throat (FBST) brought about by the postnasal discharge. Using 104 cases of patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis having FBST as a symptom, we studied the relationship between postnasal discharge resulting from chronic paranasal sinusitis and findings at the postarytenoid area. The results showed a high incidence of postnasal discharge and many patients complaining of difficulty in clearing the nose of postnasal discharge among the patients who had the symptom in the post-arytenoid area. The rate of improvement in the incidence and description of postnasal discharge was high in the cases that showed improvement in the post-arytenoid area after medication. These findings have suggested a close relationship between postnasal discharge and the symptoms in the postarytenoid area. So it would be necessary to pay attention not only to the nose but also to the subjective symptoms and objective findings of the throat in dealing with patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
Shinichiro Mamiya, Ippei Takagi, Motoyuki Hashiba, Shunkichi Baba, Joh ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 214-219
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is often reported that macrolides are effective against several kinds of chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, but there remains many unclear points in its mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of roxithromycin on the functions of neutrophils by long term (2 weeks or 11 weeks) oral medication to Guinea pigs. The functions of neutrophils are evaluated by the view points of chemotaxis and oxygen radical production against N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. After both 2 weeks and 11 weeks of medication, chemotactic reaction was suppressed significantly in contrast to negative control. However, the dose dependency to roxithromycin was not observed. Oxygen radical productivity was also suppressed, butthe differences were not significant. In addition, direct effects of roxithromycin on neutrophil functions were investigated. Although roxithromycin suppressed neutrophil functions directly in higher concentration, the statistical considerations were not made because of few number of samples, so more examinations were consideredto be needed. These results suggest that suppression of the neutrophil functions plays some important roles in the efficacy of roxithromycin in chronic inflammatory diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Shigehito Mori, Hitoshi Saito, Yuuichi Kimura, Noboru Takahashi, Takec ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 220-227
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of macrolides on the nasal ciliary activity (CA) was examined in vitro. CA was investigated by a photo-electric method using C 3 H mouse nasal septum mucosa and human ethmoid sinus mucosa, cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with erythromycin (EM), roxithromycin (RXM) or acetylspiramycin (SPM).
1) In the medium with more than 1% EM, CAwas affected immediately, and in more than 2% EM, the impairment of CA was irreversible.
2) In addition of 0.5%, or 0.05% EM, CA was immediately stimulated to 121.7%, or 135.2% respectively. However, these elevations were later reduced. The enhancement of CA without later inhibition was observed in 0.005% and 0.002% EM.
3) With RXM, the enhancement of CA was observed only in the concentrations between 0.005% and 0.0005%.
4) SPM did not enhanced CA significantly at any concentrations examined.
Although the mechanisms of efficacy of EM and RXM to chronic sinusitis remain unknown, our results suggest that they may play a role of stimulator on the mucociliary clearance and improve the chronic state of sinusitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (979K) -
Katsuhisa Ikeda, Da Zheng Wu, Tomonori Takasaka1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 228-231
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent clinical and experimental studies demonstrated that 14-membered macrolides suppressed fluid secretion from respiratory tract mucosa. The cellular mechanisms of acetylcholine (ACh) induced electrolyte secretion in the acinar cell isolated from the guinea pig nasal gland were investigated by using a microfluorimetric imaging method and a patch-clamp whole-cell recording. The ACh-induced increase in intracelluar Ca2+ concentration measured by the fura-2 method was little affected by three types of macrolides, josamycin (JM), erythromycin (EM), and roxithromycin (RXM). The ACh-evoked ionic currents were not inhibited by a 16-membered macrolide, JM, whereas both 14-membered macrolides, EM and RXM, significantly inhibited membrane conductance, especially inward Cl- currents. The order of inhibition was RXM > EM>> JM. Thus, 14-membered macrolides showed a direct inhibition of the Cl- conductance activated by ACh.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
Hideaki Shirasaki, Kohji Asakura, Shin-ichiro Narita, Akikatsu Kataura1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 232-237
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose to clarifying the role of nasal allergy on sinusitis, we investigated the sinuses of the experimental nasal allergic model in guinea pigs. The guinea pigs were divided into four groups; 1) general and local sensitization with ovalbumine (OA), 2) only general sensitization with OA, 3) only local sensitization with OA, 4) only saline administration. The latter three groups were used as the control groups. In the generally and locally sensitized animals, mucoid or mucopurulent sinusitis were observed in seven of eight sinuses, while mainly purulent sinusitis was observed in the each one or two of fivesinuses in each control group. Cytologically, the smears of sinus effusion from the generally and locally sensitized animals showed the predominant mononuclear cells and epithelial cells, while the smears from the control animals showed predominant mononuclear cells and neutrophils. Histologically, in generally and topically sensitized animals the marked eosinophils infiltration as same as the increased number of the goblet cells in the nasal mucosa were noted, but not in sinus mucosa.
These less allergic and inflammatory changes in the sinus of the generally and locally sensitized animals suggested that the cause of these sinusitis in this animal model might be due to the obstruction at the orifice of the sinus.View full abstractDownload PDF (5068K) -
Hideya Wataya, Hideaki Suzuki, Katsuhisa Ikeda, Akira Shimomura, [in J ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 238-243
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPersistent purulent nasal discharge with numbers of infiltrated cells are seen in patients with non-allergic chronic sinusitis (CS). These infiltrated cells are mainly neutrophils. Recently, IL-8 has been reported to be one of the major mediators inducing neutrophil activation and chemotaxis. In this study, we carried out immunohistochemical examinations of the expression of IL-8 in infiltrated neutrophils in nasal discharge and in the ethmoidal mucosa in CS to investigate the role of IL-8 in neutrophil infiltration in CS. IL-8. was expressed in neutrophils in nasal discharge and in epithelial and nasal gland cells of the ethmoidal mucosa. These results suggest that chemotactic factors in nasal discharge including IL-8 derived from epithelial cells and nasal gland cells attract neutrophils from the mucosa, and the infiltrated neutrophils secrete IL-8, which causes further neutrophil accumulation in nasal discharge in CS.View full abstractDownload PDF (5782K) -
THE DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS IN THE PALATINE TONSILS AND PHARYNGFAL TONSILSMuneki Hotomi, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], Michiaki Yokoyama, Yakahi ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 244-250
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proportion of various immunocompetent cells, i. e., Ig-positive cells, T cell subsets and the amount of secretory component, in the palatine tonsils and pharyngeal tonsils from patients with chronic sinusitis were investigated by image analysis. The increasing in number of IgM-and CD 4-positive cells suggested the activation of the local immune responses. The tonsils, which are the first lymphatic organ contacting foreign antigens, might protect the upper respiratory tract (URT) infections and become the principal source of immunocomponent cells. While at the same time, the increasing in number of IgD positive cells and the decreasing of the amount of secretory component were revealed. They suggested that the local immune responses were suppressed in a certain extent which lead the prolongation of inflammation. These results suggest that the local immune responses of the URT are closely involved in the pathogenesis of sinusitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (4496K) -
Koji Hirano, Katsuhisa Ikeda, Akira Shimomura, [in Japanese], Yoshifum ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 251-257
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo types of newly developed 14-membered macrolides were administered to 31 patients with chronic sinusitis for 2 to 3 months. The clinical efficacy was compared with effects of macrolides on the patency of ostiomeatal unit (OM unit) revealed by CT scan and the size of nasal polyps. The final efficacy was 38.4%. Non-responder to macrolide treatment tended to show a complete obstruction of the OM unit. In patients with severe obstruction of the OM unit. The presence of large nasal polyps in the middle nasal meatus seems to be a critical factor of cause resistance to the macrolides.View full abstractDownload PDF (3425K) -
RECENT TENDENCYKenji Suzuki, Naoya Miyamoto, Shunkichi Baba, Kazuko Sugiyama, Yasunob ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 258-262
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, it has been said that cases with paranasal sinusitis (PNS) with severe suppuration have been diminishing, while those of chronic catarrhal PNS and edematous allergic PNS have been increasing. However, the primary factor for the formation of PNS is the infection of bacteria, and it is well known that PNS is one of the typical infectious diseases in the otolaryngological field. The main causative bacteria of PNS are said to be Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Peptostreptococcus sp.
In this study, we examined the isolated bacteria from middle meatus of the nasal cavity of adult chronic, adult acute and child PNS patients and the β-lactamase production of those bacteria from January, 1989 to December, 1993.
The results obtained from the present study suggest that the previously indicated bacteria have also been the important causative bacteria for chronic PNS during recent 5 years. We experienced 5.8% of sterile cases, which we could not detect any bacteria. As one of the reasons of this result, we suppose that the sterile cases might be caused by catarrhal PNS or edematous allergic PNS.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
Kenji Takasaki, Hiyoshi Tsurumoto, Ryuichiro Yoshimi, Hiromitsu Takamu ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 263-268
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the distribution of γδT-cells in nasal polyps and inferior turbinates of subjects with nasal allergy, and existence of “memory” T-cells in the inferior turbinates of subjects with nasal allergy by use of an immunohistochemical procedure.
γδT-cells were found in the epithelium and lamina propria of all subjects. In the inferior turbinates of subjects with nasal allergy, CD 4, CD 45 RO double positive cells “memory” T-cells were seen.View full abstractDownload PDF (7506K) -
Yukiko Eno, Tetsuo Miyazawa1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 269-273
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLow-dose and long-term administration of erythromycin or new-macrolides (macrolide therapy) has been reported to be very effective for patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis, sinobronchial syndrome and some otorhinological lesions. The present study was carried out to determine the relation between the efficacy of the therapy and the immunohistological findings of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses and nasal polyps in patients treated with macrolides. We obtained the following results. 1) The number of IgA positive cells in subepithelial layer of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses decreased after the therapy, while the number of IgE posititive cells showed little change. 2) Poor responders to the therapy showed dominance of IgE positive cells compared with IgA positive cells in submucosa. 3) CD 4 positive T cells decreased in number after the therapy, indicating suppression of inflammation and normalization of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses.
These results suggest that macrolides suppress chronic inflammatory response except for type I allergic inflammation. It is possible that macrolides may act on and regulate various cytokine networks relating non-allergic inflammation.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
EXPRESSION OF CYTOKINES ND THEIR ROLE IN PATHOGENESISNorio Sarashina, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Eiko Ito, Zensei Matsuzaki, Kiyosh ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 274-284
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExpression of mRNA of various kinds of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in the maxillary sinus mucosa obtained from the patients with chronic sinusitis were studied by employing specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. mRNA of interleukin (II)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were regulary detected in the all samples examined. IL-2, IL-5, interferon (IFN)-γ, together with cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1 were frequently observed.
In additional study, inhibition of mucociliary activity of the nasal mucosal epithelial cells was observed after inoculation with TNF-α or IL-6 and such inhibitory activity was blocked by the coadministration of and-TNF or and-IL-6 antibody.
These results suggest that enhanced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in paranasal mucosa may contribute to the inflammatory process in chronic sinusitis and that the mucosal T cells may play an important role on the expression of these cytokines. In order to develop effective strategies in the prevention of chronic sinusitis, the development of the immune and pathological responses in paranasal mucosal sites need to be carefully explored.View full abstractDownload PDF (13439K) -
Masahiko Yoshitsugu, Yutaka Hanamure, Zhen Hai Wang, Kazuyoshi Ueno, M ...1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 285-289
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of macrolide antibiotics (roxithromycin and erythromycin) on ciliary and secretory functions were studied using the measurement of cultured ciliated epithelial cells from humannasal polyps and lectin staining of nasal mucosa of sinusitis patients. We measured the ciliary beat frequency using a high speed video system. Both erythromycin and roxithromycin solution in each concentration from 10-7 to 10-5M had no effect on ciliary beat frequency for 20 min. Lectin staining study has revealed that subepithelial glands of nasal mucosa from chronic sinusitis patients contain abnormal glycoconjugates that lost sialic acid and fucose residues and that the macrolide antibiotics treatment increase the glycoconjugate containing sialic acid and fucose residues. These results suggest that macrolide antibiotics can normalize the sugar structure of mucin type glycoprotein of secretory glands.View full abstractDownload PDF (6068K) -
Kazuhide Yoshida, Noritake Watanabe, Junichi Bundo, Goro Mogi1995 Volume 38 Issue Supplement3 Pages 290-297
Published: August 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify clinicopharmacological roles of roxithromycin (RXM) in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis, we measured levels of various inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, in nasal secretions before and after medication of RXM, and also investigated clinical improvements of objective symptoms, subjective signs and X-ray findings. Thirty patients with chronic sinusitis were given300 mg/day of RXM during 4 weeks. Objective symptoms were improved in 80% of 30 cases, and subjective signs were improved in 43%. Clinical improvements in objective symptoms and subjective signs were achieved in 63%. X-ray improvements were achieved in 20%. After RXM medication, IL-1β and IL-8 levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The decreases of those cytokines were statistically significant in patients with clinical improvements of objective symptoms and subjective signs. These findings suggest that high levels of inflam-matory cytokines in nasal secretions may reflect an imbalance of the cytokine network on the nasal mucosa of chronic sinusitis. RXM may be effective for chronic paranasal sinus infection through the correction of imbalance in the cytokine network.View full abstractDownload PDF (3779K)
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