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Volume 51 (2008)
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Volume 51, Issue Supplement
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Yoshio Nishizawa, Yasuko Nishizawa, Fumi Yoshioka, [in Japanese], [in ...2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s3-s10
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficacy of transdermal tulobuterol patch vs. inhaled salmeterol therapy with inhaled budesonide was compared in a prospective, randomized, open-label study. Asthmatic patients were randomized into 2 groups (tulobuterol group and salmeterol group).
The therapies were comparatively analyzed in Japanese adult asthmatic patients for 2 years. There was no significant difference in the backgrund was between the 2 groups. More significant improvements of the symptoms were noted in the tulobuterol group as compared with that in the salmeterol group at the endpoint.
The medical treatment cost, inflammatory cell count in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and bronchial biopsy specimens, pulmonary function parameters, airway remodeling, Intractable Disease Related Agony (chronic pain) score, and health-related quality of life were investigated. Both the incidence of side effects and the frequency of abnormal laboratory data during this study were lower in the tulobuterol group than in the salmeterol group.
In this 2-year prospective, randomized comparative open-label study, inhaled tulobuterol therapy was found to yield better asthmatic control than inhaled salmeterol therapy when combined with budesonide.View full abstractDownload PDF (402K) -
Risa Naruto, Toshiyuki Fujisawa, Mayuki Nakasima, Kenji Suzuki2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s11-s14
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAerosol inhalation therapy is considered as one of the treatment methods for paranasal sinus inflammations.
The commonly used nebulizers include the jet type compressed nebulizer and the ultrasonic nebulizer. However, in this study, we examined the effect of the double compressor type of nebulizer manufactured by PARI Corporation. In this type of nebulizer, vibration is added to the compressed nebulizer.
Our study included a fundamental research in which we used a human maxillary sinus model and performed clinical research during the Caldwell Luc operation performed for treating chronic sinusitis.
Cefmenoxime hydrochloride (CMX) was used as the inhalational drug. In the maxillary sinus model, a paper disk was placed inside the upper cavity before the suction and removed after suction was completed.
As for the soft palate movement of the drug of high density we could see the one which is closed from at the time of non closing in the maxillary sinus model.
In addition we could observe the movement of the drug at a higher density under compression plus vibrating conditions in comparison with that in the compression-alone condition.
In conclusion, we identified effective drug density movement in the human maxillary sinus model.View full abstractDownload PDF (556K) -
Naoki Katsumi, Sumio Sugano, Youichi Ishizuka2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s15-s21
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor efficient treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis with a nebulizer, it is important for the aerosol generated by the nebulizer to be deposited precisely where it is needed-in the sinus cavities. During inhalation therapy with the frequently used jet nebulizers and ultrasonic nebulizers, the transport of the aerosol particles is directly linked to the inspiratory force. Aerosol inhaled through the nose flows into the lungs, but does not reach the sinus cavities because the ostia connecting the sinus cavities with the main nasal cavity are small and narrow channels. We had the opportunity to use a new inhalation device (PARI SINUS) which combines high pressure and vibration for optimized aerosol deposition in the sinus cavities. The addition of vibration leads to deposition of the aerosol within the sinus cavities. We report the characteristics of the PARI SINUS device and the first treatment experiences in a patient group. The results were evaluated using a detailed patient's questionnaire.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Shigeki Mochigi, Motofumi Ohki, Souta Yamaguchi, [in Japanese], [in Ja ...2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s22-s28
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 2006, we reported the effectiveness of the anti-reflux valve in ultrasonic nebulizers used for aerosol treatment of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In this study, we cultured bacteria sampled from the drug solution cups of ultrasonic nebulizers before and after daily practice at otorhinolaryngology clinics, and evaluated whether the drug solution reservoirs were contaminated after use by many patients. In the first period of the experiment, bacteria were detected in samples from some drug solution reservoirs after daily practice, but none were detected in the samples collected before the start of daily practice. After the first period of the experiment, the nebulizers were left in the sink for about 1 week without use. In the second experimental period, non-fermenting gram-negative rods were detected before daily practice from the nebulizers placed in a wet environment for a long period, indicating the necessity of improving the disinfection method for these devices.
Specifically, the mechanical removal of microbial biofilms using a sponge or brush and sufficient drying were considered necessary.
In the third period of the experiment, performed after measures taken to improve the disinfection method, no bacteria were detected in the samples collected after daily practice.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Shinya Suzuki, Yuichi Majima, Yoshimichi Okayama2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s29-s31
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmphiregulin is a polypeptide and growth factor. It has been reported that the number of amphiregulin-positive cells is increased in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatic patients. We hypothesized that amphiregulin concentrations are increased in the nasal secretions of Japanese cedar pollinosis patients. We obtained nasal secretions from ten patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis and ten normal subjects in the pollen season in 2006. Both the concentrations of amphiregulin and histamine were measured using ELISA kits. The median of amphiregulin concentration was 317pg/ml in the pollinosis patients and 55pg/ml in the control subjects, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The histamine concentration was significantly higher in the pollinosis patients than in the control subjects. The amphiregulin concentration was positively correlated with the histamine concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (206K) -
Mitsuru Go, Takashi Kojima, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese ...2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s32-s38
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe epithelial barrier of the upper respiratory tract, which is the first site of exposure to inhaled antigens, plays a crucial role in host defense in terms of innate immunity. We previously reported the detection of occludin, JAM-A, ZO-1 and claudin-1, -4, -7, -8, -12, -13, and -14 together with continuous tight junction strands that formed well-developed networks in nasal mucosal epithelium specimens obtained from patients with allergic rhinitis. We also reported the detection of HLA-DR- and CD11c-positive DCs expressing claudin-1 penetrating beyond the occludin in the epithelium of the nasal mucosa in patients with, but not in those without, allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, we introduced the hTERT gene into primary cultures of human nasal epithelial cells to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of regulation of the tight junctions. The transfectants were treated with TLR ligand or cytokines, such as TGF-β, eotaxin, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and TNF-α, which are involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis, and examined for the expression and functions of the tight junctions. The findings indicated that selective regulation of the paracellular route of tight junctions in the nasal epithelial barrier might be a novel approach for a drug delivery system for to improve the mucosal immune barrier and antigen-presenting system in the nasal mucosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
Tatsuya Fukuiwa, Kohtaro Fujihashi, Yuichi Kurono2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s39-s42
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBackground: Our previous studies showed that a plasmid encoding the Flt3 ligand cDNA (pFL) as a nasal adjuvant enhanced both mucosal and systemic antibody (Ab) responses, mediated by IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells. On the other hand, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing one or more unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs have mucosal adjuvant activity associated with Th1-type cytokine responses. In this study, we examined whether pFL given with CpG as a mucosal adjuvant might elicit balanced Th1- and Th2-mediated antigen (Ag) -specific Ab responses.
Methods: BALB/c mice were nasally immunized once a week for three consecutive weeks with 100μg of ovalbumin (OVA) plus 10μg of CpG ODN, 50μg of pFL, or a combination of 50μg of pFL and 10μg of CpG ODN.
Results: The mice immunized with OVA together with both pFL and CpG ODN showed significantly higher levels of OVA-specific plasma IgG Ab and secretory IgA (S-IgA) Ab in the saliva as compared with mice immunized with CpG ODN only. Importantly, the OVA-specific plasma IgG and S-IgA Ab responses induced by the combination of pFL and CpG ODN as nasal adjuvants persisted for more than four months after the final immunization. Furthermore, plasma levels of IgA Ab also continuously increased during this period.
Conclusions: These results suggest that pFL and CpG ODN represent an effective mucosal adjuvant combination. This work was supported by NIH grants and contracts DE 12242, AI I8958, AI 43197, and DC 04976.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Noriaki Aoi, Yasunobu Yoshikai, Hideyuki Kawauchi2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s43-s47
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis, CD4+T precursor cells have been demonstrated to predominantly differentiate into Th2 cells rather than into Th1 cells. Cytokine therapy has been generally accepted to redress the imbalance of differentiation of Th0 into a Th1 or Th2 environment. To date, there are no reports about cytokine therapy for human allergic rhinitis, although there are a number of reports about general cytokine therapy in murine models of allergic rhinitis. Topical cytokine therapy has not been extensively investigated, however, recently, intranasal administration of cytokine, vector and antisense-nucleotide has been reported. The nasal mucosa presents numerous advantages as a target tissue for drug delivery, such as a large mucosal area, rapid absorption, no pH or enzyme barrier, and no first-pass metabolism. The permeability of various particles through nasal mucosa is limited by the tight junctions present in abundance. Therefore, the feasibility and disadvantages of cytokine therapy are discussed in detail in this report.View full abstractDownload PDF (347K) -
Toshihiro Nagato, Yasuaki Harabuchi2008 Volume 51 Issue Supplement Pages s48-s52
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTraditional subcutaneous immunotherapy using natural antigens is an efficient treatment method for allergic rhinitis. However, it may cause unwanted side effects, including anaphylaxis. Therefore, novel approaches of administering antigens, via the intranasal or sublingual route, are being developed. Indeed, clinical studies with nasal immunotherapy have already been conducted and have been shown to reduce the sensitivity to allergens. Moreover, it is speculated that peptide-based vaccines, such as defined T cell epitopes, would be safe and useful in allergen-specific immunotherapy. It is clear that desirable peptides for therapeutic vaccines should be promiscuous T cell epitopes, which would be recognized by CD4+T cells in the context of more than one MHC class II allele, allowing broad population coverage. Thus, nasal immunotherapy with peptide-based vaccines, especially promiscuous T cell epitope peptides, may be a new promising therapeutic strategy to control allergic rhinitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (311K)
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