The deposition rate in the nasal cavity and the systemic distribution of nebulized drugs were investigated.
In addition, the differences between jet and ultrasonic nebulizers were studied using a radioactive isotope (99mTc). In ultrasonic nebulization, the influence of the depth and frequency of respiration (i.e. normal, slow and deep, or rapid and shallow) on the rate of drug deposition in the nasal cavity and systemic distribution were investigated.
1. Following ultrasonic nebulization, the drug was found to be distributed as follows: 28.7% in the nasal cavity, 16.2% in the pharyngo-larynx, 31.1% in the thorax, 17.5% in the abdomen and 5% was exhaled.
2. In comparison with jet nebulization, following ultrasonic nebulization, approximately the same quantity of the drug was found in the nasal cavity, more was found in the pharyngolarynx, thorax and abdomen, and less was exhaled.
3. Rapid and shallow respiration significantly increased the deposition rate of the drug in the nasal cavity compared with slow and deep respiration (P<0.05).

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This report concerns with tracheostomy in progressive neural disease (PND). From 1980 to 1990 sixteen cases of PND (twelve males and four females) were tracheostomized, which were four cases of olivo-pont-cerebellar atrophy, three cases of Parkinson disease and progressive supraneuclear palsy, two cases of striatonigral degeneration, a case of Joseph disease, three cases of miscellanous neural diseases. Seven of them were tracheostomized due to difficulty of expectoration, six were due to dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia, two cases due to abuddction failure of bilateral vocal cords, a case of air way obstruction by the tongue base. The twelve of them could be followed up. The four of them survived more than two years. In seven of the sixteen patients the T-shaped tube or bottom type cannulae were placed in order to keep phonation. Speaking was very important for them to keep higher quality of their lives, because they required a lot of aids in their daily life. But in terminal stage, laryngectomy or laryngeal closure was thought to be indication in order to prevent respiratory complications.

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Pure tone hearing level data of 6922 people (13844 ears) who underwent medical check-up are compared between right and left ears, sexes, ages (five years step), and frequencies.
Mean and standard deviation of the hearing level are calculated in each group and the differences of the hearing level between right and left ears, male and female are statistically evaluated.
After that, significant differences of right and left ears, male and female are proved.
Hearing level of right ears was usually greater than left ears particularly at low frequencies of male and 1000Hz of female. But at 2000 and 4000Hz in male, hearing level of left ears was greater than that of right ears.
Hearing level of female are greater than that of male at low frequencies, but they are opposite at high frequencies of the age older than 30-years-old. The reason for this difference is considered to have been caused by aperture between the head-phone and the ear canal by the hair, the latter is considered some social factores, they are living environment, stress, etc.

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Hemangioma is a common disease but hemangioma originating in the ear is comparatively rare. Three cases of hemangioma of the ear are reported: Case 1; a 48-year-old female, external ear canal hemangioma. Case 2; a 6-year-old boy, middle ear hemangioma with otalgia. Case 3; a 37-year-old male, middle ear hemangioma with facial palsy.
The three cases were treated by total resection and the results were good.
We reviewed 39 cases of hemangioma of the ear including our cases, which have been reported during the last 50 years in Japan. Hemangioma in the middle ear could cause facial palsy. We believe that total resection of hemangioma is the best treatment of the disease.

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1. During the past ten years from 1980 to 1989, 230 cases of tracheo-bronchial and esophageal foreign bodies were treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical College. Out of 230 cases, 21 had foreign bodies in the tracheo-bronchus, while 209 had foreign bodies in the esophagus.
2. Age distribution of esophageal foreign bodies has two peaks, the one in children below age 3 and the other in people from 40 to 49. About 50 percent of the tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies were encountered in ages below three.
3. Fish bones were most common foreign in the esophagus. Coins were second most common, most of which were in children, while press through packs (PTP) and dentures were found in adults.
4. In regard to the tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies, beans were most common followed by crowns and dentures. All of beans cases were below 2 years old.
5. During the past 10 years, cases of PTP in the esophagus and crowns in tracheo-bronchus have increased.

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The reconstructive surgery for the missing cheek after the cancer excision was performed using the free latissimus dorsi flap and the free iliac bone. The case was a 48-year-old female who underwent both radio and chemotherapy because of the maxillary cancer. Unfortunately the tumor reccured in a year and the right maxilla was excised with the skin of the cheek and the orbital floor resulting in major defect of the face. Orthopedic surgeons helped us to reconstruct the defect using the free latissimus dorsi flap and the free iliac bone. The result was satisfactory.

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