The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the role of voice onset time (VOT) on the discrimination of voiceless explosive monosylable sounds, /pa/, /ta/, /ka/, and to search the cue which improves the speech sounds perception of the presbycusis patients.
The VOTs were devided 3 and/or 4 parts along the time course by a digital deviding device, and the sound deleting the 1st part was designated as the processed sound 1. The sound deleting the 1st and 2nd parts was defined as the processed sound 2. The processed sound 3 lacked the 1st, and 2nd, 3rd parts and processed sound 4 had no parts of VOT. Concering jta/ and /ka/, the percentages of correct answer to the original sound and the processed sound 1 were almost 100% for the young normal subjects as a control.
The correct answer rate for the processed sound 2, /ta/ is 50%, and that of /ka/ is 79% on the normal subjects. The correct answer rates were 29% and 36% for the processed sound 3 of /ta/ and /ka/, respectively. For the processed sound 4, these rates decreased to 11% and 7%, respectively. These results demonstrated that the percentage of correct answer rate decreased as deleting part of VOT increased. The sound perception rate of original sound for /pa/ was 79% in healthty young adults.
Meanwhile, the percentages of correct answer of presbycusis are lower than normal hearing of young adults in every sound, that is, the percentage of correct answer of /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/, were 14%, 50%, and 71% for the original sounds. The correct answer rates for processed sound 1 were 29% in /ta/, and 36% in /ka/. The percentage of correct answer of /pa/ was so low as 14% even for original sound that the percentage showed no remarkable change and slightly reduced by processed sound.
These results indicated that the 1st and the 3rd parts of VOT contributed to the percentage of correct answer for /pa/ sound, and the first one-third of VOT was not so important for /ta/ and /ka/, on young normal hearing subjects. Contrary to this, the first one-thirds of VOT is important on presbycusis for /ta/ and /ka/ sounds. For /pa/ sound, perception was much poorer than normal subject
Then, analysis of VOT importance in presbycusis was impossible for /pa/ sound.
From these results, it is suggested that the mechanism of sound perception on voiceless explosive monosylable sound, is different between young adults with normal hearing and presbycusis patients.

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It is frequently experienced clinicaly that dizziness and various autonomic symptoms associated with inner ear disturbances are gradually compensated and disappear with lapse of time. To investigate this process of compensation of dizziness in animals, it is required to grasp exactly the time course changes in the symptom.
It is known that pica is induced in rats after administration of emetics or in association with induction of motion sickness. Using this pica as an indicator, we made observations for changes in the symptom of dizziness in rats unilaterally destroyed of the labyrinth.Pica was observed for 4 days after destruction of labyrinth.Administration of atropin tended to control this pica, suggesting involvement of the parasympathetic nerve system in this process.
With this model of rat destroyed of the labyrinth unilaterally, it is possible to make observations for changes in autonomic symptoms during the compensation process for peripheral vestibular disturbances exactly and quantitatively using pica as an indicator.From these findings, we believe that this experimental model is valuable for use in pharmacological studies and also for use as an experimental model for compensation process of peripheral vestibular disturbances.

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In the pediatric population parapharyngeal abscess occurs less frequently. We report a case of parapharyngeal abscess of a 2-year-old boy. Then diagnostic and therapeutic consideration of parapharyngeal abscess are discussed.
On July 6th, 1993, a two-year-old boy was brought to our hospital due to considerable swelling on the right submandibular region and the right soft palate. CT scan and ultrasonography revealed abscess formation in the parapharyngeal space. The diagnosis was parapharyngeal abscess due to tonsillar infection. He was treated by surgical drainage externally through a submandibular incision. After surgery, CEZ was administered intravenously. The therapy was effective. He was discharged on 17th hospital day.

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The triad of blue sclera, osseous fragility, and hearing loss is known as van der Hoeve syndrome. Surgical results of conductive hearing loss in three cases involving four ears with this disease were analyzed.
Case 1: A 31-year-old male had a history of four fractures and blue sclera.His left ear, the surgically treated side, showed 64 dB hearing level with 28 dB sensorineural hearing loss.
Case 2: A 46-year-old female had a history of two fractures and blue sclera.Mixed hearing loss of 49 dB in the right ear and 51 dB in the left was demonstrated.Both ears were treated surgically.
Case 3: A 41-year-old female had a history of five fractures and blue sclera.She complained of bilateral hearing loss and tinnitus.Her right hearing level was 41 dB and left 40 dB, and the left ear was operated on.
Small fenestra stapedectomy was performed in all four ears.It was recongnized that the stapedial crura fractured spontaneously in two cases, fragile crura were also observed in the other two cases and in all cases, the stapedial footplates were immobile.An air-bone gap less than 15 dB and improvement of tinnitus were obtained in all the cases.

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We report a case of double cancer which is follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland and squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue considered to be induced by radiotherapy for head and neck hemangioma in childhood.
A woman, 42 years old, had received radiotherapy to congenital hemangioma in head and neck region at the age of 5 years. She was aware of a right neck mass and throat pain and visited us. September in 1992, A-V malformation was found in the left cheek, the left side of the tongue, in the laryngeal cavity and the anterior neck. Two solid masses were also existed in the right lobe of the thyroid gland and the base of the tongue. Pathological examination showed follicular adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland and squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.She died 7 months after the radical operation because of local recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and pneumonia.
Reports of double cancer induced by therapeutic irradiation for benign disease are rare.Only 7 cases have been reported in Japan. Most of these cases had a common characteristic, which was shortness of duration between the occurrences of the first and the second cancers in contrast to long latent periods from irradiation. Each of the 7 reported cases had a latent period of more than 29 years, and in 6 of them the occurrences of the first and the second cancers were synchronous or less than 4 years interval. Our case also has the same characteristic.The latent period from irradiation to the occurrence of the cancers was 37 years and the both cancers occurred synchronously.

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In an attempt of prevent postoperative bleeding and local infection, we prepared a gauze tampon by soaking it with white vaseline combined with dibekacin sulfate to be used at the end of nasal and paranasal surgery.The present study was conducted to evaluate possible analgesic effect of the gauze tampon impregnated with vaseline containing antimicrobial agent plus ufenamate, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, on insertion and evulsion in comparison with conventional gauze tampon preparations. Analgesic effect was evaluated according to the following two parameters: frequency of the patient's request for the analgesic agent after such procedures as radical paranasal surgery, endonasal sinus surgery and septoplasty, and difference in the severity of pain felt by the patient wearing the tampon on its evulsion. For the latter parameter, in the patient who underwent septoplasty, a tampon containing ufenamate was used on either side as a rule. Efficacy of some extent was observed at relief from pain in the patient on insertion of the tampon after paranasal radical surgery and on evulsion after septoplasty.Analgesic effect on insertion of the tampon after endonasal sinus surgery and septoplasty was not always satisfactory. An adequate effect can be expected to be produced by increasing the content of ufenamate. It was determined that the decrease in the assumed amount of dibekacin sulfate to be emitted from gauze tampon owing to increased ufenamate can be improved by adding surfactant before applying a mixture prepared with dibekacin sulfate ointment and ufenamte ointment and which consists of different bases to gauze, or by changing the tampon material from the currently used cotton to materials such as cellulose acetate.Ufenamate can be rather easily added to and combined with another base, and it is also pharmacologically very stable.If the abovementioned improvement can be attained, we can expect an analgesic effect without losing any antimicrobial effect, and thus achieve an increased utility value.

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Endonasal fistula closure was successfully conducted under endoscopy in two patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea caused by excision of hypothalamus tumor. Case 1 was a 48-year old male who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery of the TSH-producing hypothalamus tumor in the neurosurgery dept. of this hospital. He was referred to this unit as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was suspected because of headache, fever and watery rhinorrhea which occurred about 10 days after the operation. Endonasal fistula closure was conducted under endoscopy as a fistula was detected in the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. The fascia with adipose tissue collected from the femoral region and covered with fibrin glue was inserted into the fistula. Gauze was then inserted into the sphenoid sinus for 4 weeks to keep the tissue section in place. After the surgery, the fistula was completely closed. Case 2 was a 30-year old male who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery of the GHproducing hypothalamus tumor. Endoscopic endonasal fistula closure was conducted as in case 1, since cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred about 10 days after surgery. Symptoms disappeared after closure. Endoscopic endonasal fistula closure technique used by us seems to be very effective for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea caused by neurosurgical procedures.

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Photo CD is capable of providing stable digital image from conventional film image.By taking picture of some source (eg, X-P, CT, MRI and pathological specimen) and making a Photo CD, these images are able to be digitalized and stored into the computer.Other source such as video tape can be stored using freeze framer.Retouch software program and image catalog software program make it possible to operate many images with index as an image filing system.I have used this system for endoscopic nasal surgery. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to this small sized image filing system. Photo CD system is efficient since any stored image can be digitalized via Photo CD.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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