The abstract, under a multitude of names, such as hypothesis, marginalia, abridgement, extract, digest, précis, resumé, and summary, has a long history, one which is concomitant with abvancing scholarship. The progression of this history from the Sumerian civilization ca. 3600 B C., through the Egyptian and Greek civilizations, the Hellenistic period, the Dark Ages, Middle Ages, Renaissance, and into the modern period is reviewed (Author).-This paper is translated with agreement of the author and American Chemical Society.

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In the first of Sept. in 1980, the second large scale trainings for prevention of disaster were carried out mainly in the areas of Tokai and Kanto. The great deal of people from places such as administrative organizations being responsible for prevention of disaster, the press, transportation, industry and the public participated in them. They were more than that of the previous year in scale, and it is anticipated that the training would be more active year after year. Such countermeasures against earthquake disasters emphasized the safety of the public, industry and so on, while it is worried that great large gap between information on earthquake and the public's reaction against it might occur. This paper describes the real intention of the side which generates information and the way of receiving information by the public, as well as the role of the persons who dessiminate information.

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This paper describes the procedures to solve language problems occurred in Caterpillar Co. Ltd, a multi-national enterprise in U. S. A. It also introduces Caterpillar fundamental English which has been compiled in the process of solving the matters. Aiming at smooth communication with non-native speakers this English establishes the distinct English description under the principle that it has less vocabulary and every word has single meaning. At present Japanese major enterprises are in the similar situation to that of Caterpillar Co. Ltd in 1971 in a sense that they sell machines or prants to overseas and industrialize there. Under this situation it mentions it mentions what kind of studies are necessary in order to solve language problems.

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Papers on information written by persons engaged in that subject are considerably technical, but very often narrow in scope. However it is considered that information is originally comprehensive subject interwoven with micro and macro aspects. We who are responsible for information in industry waver in choice whether we should be a specialist or generalist. It seems that from now on Japan should take the ways, that is, to utilize information effectively, to support its living by the own technology, then to contribute to the progress of the world. The author suggests that as theonly resource Japan should produce capable persons who self-train, understand the world complexity and make decisions adequately.

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The correction is only for Japanese text.

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The correction is only for Japanese text.

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