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Volume 31 (1980 - 198･･･
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Volume 31, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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von Simmel und Weber zu LukácsHiroshi Sato1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 2-14
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiese Abhandlung bezweckt es, Lukács, Verdinglichungslehre zu auffassen, als ein Stammbaum aus Simmel und Weber.
Sie zu dem Schluß kam, daß Simmel, Weber und Lukács die Sachlage klar auffaßten, das Geld über Menschen zu herrschen, und Lukács' Verdinglichungslehre eine Zusammenfassung von Simmels und Webers Abhandlungen über dem Geld war und seine spätere, marxistische Verdinglichungslehre auch immanent die Entwickelung von seiner früheren, existentialen Verdinglichungslehre war.View full abstractDownload PDF (1824K) -
A reexamination of the early studies of R. K. Merton regarding the sociology of scienceMiwao Matsumoto1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 15-30
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe “sociology of science” has so far usually considered the “scientific community” to be a “closed system” operating autonomously from its surrounding social environment, and for this reason it has not necessarily provided sufficient understanding of those aspects of scientific activities which bring about undesirable effects on people's lives (i. e., which constitute social problems). The present dissertation attempts, by directing attention back to the sociology of science as elaborated in the early studies of R. K. Merton (who looked at the character of the scientific community in its relationship to society at large), to shed light upon those characteristics of science which constitute social problems.
Giving due attention to Merton's historical case studies of 17th century England, two main problems are presented, as follows : (1) ascertaining the “elective affinity” between the attributes of Puritan ethics and modern science by which Merton sought to show the relationship between the scientific community and society at large ; and (2) directing attention to the distinction between the processes by which the scientific community emerges and adapts itself, respectively. A critical examination is given to Merton's interpretive framework and also-to the implications of the “institutionalization” that is seen as basic to the character of the scientific community.
From (1) and (2) we may deduce some of the internal dynamics between scientists and non-scientists. A typology is made for different types of scientific activities, and this typology is then used in an attempt to construct a model to elucidate those aspects of science which constitute social problems.View full abstractDownload PDF (2120K) -
A examination about today's urban familyFumiko Kanbara1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 31-59
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to bring up the theoretical hypotheses to analyze the living-structure of housewives and their role-behaviours, in relation to “the living-structure theory”, “the role theory”, “the functional analysis of family”, “the study on housewife”, and “the action theory”, and to make the report on the result of field research on housewives' living-structure and their role-behaviours.
Although this paper deals with only a part of sociological analysis on housewives, the point of my thesis is to re-examine and to define the concepts such as “house-wife”, “the living-structure”, and “the functional requisite”, which have not the clear definitions so far. I hope this paper will be one step for another advanced hypothetical work on those items.
The content of this paper is as follows :
i. Analysis on the role of housewife, ii. Analysis on the conception of “living-structure”,
iii. The relationship between the living-structure of housewives and their role behaviours.
iv. Hypothetical examination of the functional requisite of today's urban family.
As the conclusion, the following roles as selected as the highly important functional items, which are indispensable and unsubstitutable in today's urban family : “Professional Activity”, “The management of Home Economics”, “Cooking”, “Check about Health of Family”, “Interloving relationship between husband and wife” and “Nursing and Training of Children”.View full abstractDownload PDF (3191K) -
Akeshi Watari1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 60-76
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“The surplus of power” may be one of the most important problems in contemporary societies. In analyzing this “surpls”, it is not, however, sufficient to regard power only as the authorized and repressive force, but it is necessary to add the analysis of the production and the multiplication of power in force relations. To analyze this “surplus of power”, M. Foucault suggests the strategical model of power instead of the model based on law, but discusses the peripheral effects of the social order in which the multiplicity of force relations unfold ; such as “the device of imprisonment” and “that of sexuality”.
The foundation of “the subject” was sought in the phenomenological mode of thinking on the one hand, and the condition of possibility of significations was inquired in the structural mode of thinking on the other. But these modes of thinking were based on the neglect of the power relationships, and their grounds themselves were the historical products. In the series of M. Foucault's works, it is only after the publication of 'Discipline and Punishment : The Birth of the Prison' that “the problem of power” is mattered, but I think that his discursive and historical analysis, before the problem of power was really mattered in the publication as noted above, can be also interpreted in the context of the power-analysis. In this paper, I will limit the problem to the aspects of the power-analysis, which is closely related to the grasp of “the social”.View full abstractDownload PDF (2198K) -
Focusing on recent declining fertility in JapanYoshiki Kikuchi1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 77-84
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe find that fertility has been declining since 1974 in Japan. Fertility rate becomes below 2.00 and it will be probably reported 1.79 in 1978. This trend can be also found in Europe and the United States, especially West-Germany recently. As it's fertility rate was 1.45 in 1975, West-Germany can't keep replacement level of population under the existing conditions. Demographers and others are mostly interested in the estimation of future population and analyzing causes of declining fertility.
When we try to estimate future population in Japan under it's fertility rate equal to 1.45, we can get several important results.
(1) The maximum of population will be 122 million in 2000.
(2) If it decreases after 2000, population will be equal to 110 million (population in 1975) until 2020.
(3) Both birth and death rates will be about 10 per thousand in 2000.
(4) The speed of aging of population will be accelerated, and then one of five persons will become the old above 65 years old in 2015.
(5) At the same time, there will be population above 70 years old more than that below 14 years old.
Demographers pick up some causes effect on declining fertility in Japan. It is illustrated that increase of investment in education makes parents had children less than two. And the diffusion of family-planning contributed greatly to birth control.
On the other hand, we can find mobility transition, changes of mobility patterns as a recent population phenomenon. The mobility from rural to metropolitan areas has been a main stream until 1965 in Japan. But there are multiple streams, channels of mobility recently. Population redistribution will be continued and accelerated in the future.
There are differences of fertility forces among areas. Generally the fertility rate of urban area is lower and rural area is contrary. We are greatly interested in what effect the redistribution has on the trend of fertility. It's the problem what migrants from urban to rural behave themselves concerning their reproduction.View full abstractDownload PDF (931K) -
The analysis of inter-industry variation in quit rate in the United StatesSatoko Watanabe1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 85-93
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this article I have viewed the workers' quit propensities in the United States. Specifically I have analyzed the factors influencing quit rate variation among industries in terms of the monopoly and competitive dichotomy. In order to do this I have performed regression analysis of quit rate variation among industries after dichotomizing the sample of 110 industries into monopoly and competitive sectors. The model I used regressed the quit rate for each industry (Yq) on the wage (Xw), concentration ratio (Xc), expansion ratio (Xe), ratio of female workers to all employees (Xf), and the ratio of production workers to all employees (Xp).
The result of the statistical analysis indicates some essential difference between monopoly and competitive industries in terms of the workers' quit propensities and in terms of the factors influencing their quit behavior. The quit rate tends to be high in competitive industries, and the wage, low. The wage is the most important explanatory variable for quit rate variation in competitive industries. These aspects of evidence indicate that in competitive industries, workers are quitting more frequently than in monopoly industries, and that their motives are better wages elsewhere. These findings suggest that the traditional free market principle still functions in the labor market of this sector of the economy. In high concentrated industries, on the other hand, workers do not quit frequently, and when they do, the wage is not the sole motive. As shown by the strong correlation between the quit rate and the concentration ratio, there are certain aspects of concentrated industries, in addition to high wages, which make workers reluctant to quit. If we reflect these findings on the features of the employment system of monopoly firms, the analysis verifies that monopoly industries offer high wages and also incentives other than wage which make workers want to stay with the firm.View full abstractDownload PDF (1473K) -
[in Japanese]1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 100-103
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 103-106
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (455K) -
[in Japanese]1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 106-109
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (457K) -
[in Japanese]1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 109-112
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (454K) -
[in Japanese]1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 113-115
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (214K) -
[in Japanese]1980 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 115-119
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (588K)
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