Japanese Sociological Review

Political Generation and Protest Behavior :

Generational Unit and Political Socialization in the Age of Confrontation Politics

Nobuyoshi Kurita

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 374-391,479
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.374

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For political society in Japan, late 1960's is the age of confrontation politics represented by a lot of conflicts between radical youth protesters and severe social control power. The peak of national-wide university conflicts is located during 1968 and 1969. The generation which experienced such a confrontation politics in their youth has a chance of leaning rebellious political culture. This paper analyzes the continuance of political socialization on this generation up to the present. “Have those who were politically socialized by confrontation politics of late 1960's been engaging in radical protest behavior?” “At present, social movements are supported by their protest energy?” Three hypotheses, hypothesis of political generational unit, hypothesis of social movement participation by political experiences in the same age, hypothesis of protest engagement by social movement participation, are presented for answering to previous two questions in this paper. These hypotheses have reference to a theoretical model of generational political socialization proposed by the author. The data derived from protest constituency as a source of social movements support three hypotheses, and guarantee the validity of theoretical model of generational political socialization. This paper proves that the generation of 1968-69 has oriented to confrontation politics and engaged in protest behavior, through generational political socialization process consists of the radicalization of university conflicts in youth and their experience of social movement participation.

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Authoritarianism, Conservatism, and Progressivism

Hisataka Kobayashi

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 392-405,478
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.392

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The concept 'authoritarianism' has several meanings. But its most important meaning lies in the combination of 'authoritarian aggression' (aggression to powerless persons) and 'authoritarian submission' (submission to powerful persons). Reviewing the studies of Adorno et al., Rokeach and Eysenck, we find that this basic meaning of authoritarianism is closely connected with conservatism. This paper presents a theoretical framework to account for this linkage between authoritarianism and conservatism. Our framework derives from purely theoretical consideration, and it also shows the interrelationships between several concepts such as 'authoritarianism', 'revolutionist', 'nihilism', 'extremism', 'moderates', 'defeatism', 'conservatism', and 'progressivism'.
Next, the problem of 'left-authoritarianism' posed by Shils is discussed. To consider this problem, the following three points are important. (1) Whether the 'left-wingers' live in a capitalistic society or a communist society. 'Leftists' in a capitalistic society and 'leftists' in a communist society are not in the same positson. (2) Whether the analysis is concerned with the leftists' attitudes toward the socioeconomic system as a whole or toward specific organizations they belong. They are the attitudes to different objects, so we must discriminate between the former and the latter. (3) Whether the focus is on their personality or on their attitude. We should not confuse the problem of personality with the problem of attitude. Considering these points, we conclude that in capitalistic societies, 'left-wingers' may be 'extremists' but that 'right-wingers' are more 'authoritarian' than 'left-wingers'.

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On Some Different Usages of “Lifeworld” and their Schemes to Study Society

Okumura Takashi

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 406-420,478
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.406

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A concept, “lifeworld”, has been introduced and often used in the sphere of social sciences. Now we should ask what new scheme to study society has been, or can be, made up by using that concept.
To answer this question, we must examine the meanings of that concept first. For there have been some different versions in using “lifeworld”, which have not been distinguished so closely and consciously. We point out the differences among three influential authors' usages. Alfred Schutz used it as the subjective constructions in everyday commonsense world. The inter-subjective communication process, which reproduces the everyday world, is the meaning of “lifeworld” to Jurgen Habermas. And Edmund Husserl exposed the world of self-evidence located under the construction or communication world and supporting them fundamentally. This is his “lifeworld”.
Secondly we examine the ranges of schemes extending from “lifeworld” toward “society”. Schutz discribed the scenes in which “society” enters “lifeworld”, that is everyday process. Habermas theorized the conflicts between social system and “lifeworld”. These can be said to be novel results of their “lifeworld” schemes. However, their schemes, pursuing to locate “lifeworld” into “society”, cannot be extended fully enough, compared with Husserl's scheme to grasp “society” as a formation out of the fundamental strata of “lifeworld”. It can be said that this scheme aims at the original phase of “society”. Although this direction of extending scheme is quite hard one, we should try to make it a drastically new strategy to re-grasp “society” from the viewpoint of “lifeworld”.

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Les articles d'Emile Durkheim au début de sa carrière

Masayuki Yamashita

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 421-436,477
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.421

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Depuis 1883 jusqu'à, 1892 où il a rédigé sa thèse De la division du travail social, Emile Durkheim a écrit environ vingt articles et comptes rendus. Pendant ces années-là, deux grands événements ont eu lieu dans sa vie : ses études en Allemagne en 1886 et sa nomination à l'Université de Bordeaux l'année suivante. C'est sur le premier que nous allons mettre l'accent, car Durkheim s'est initié à cette occasion à la méthode de la science positive de morale avec Wundt et Schaeffle. Par ailleurs, il a observé à cette occasion les méthodes d'enseignement au niveau supérieur outre-Rhin, et l'atomosphére intime des étudiants allemands.
Cette expérience lui a fourni le modèle de la sociologie qui allait naitre en France et l'impression que la vision allemande de la société, favorisant l'unité sociale et la bonne entente parmi ses membres, ne se rapportait pas seulement à des propriétés objectives du corps social mais était aussi enracinee dans l'histoire et dans la mentalité du peuple.
En reconnaissant la fonction unifiante de la morale en allemagne avec l'envie, Durkheim n'a pu s'empêcher de songer à sa patrie, où le développement du sentiment solidaire serait indispensable en dépit d'une très profonde tradition individualiste. C'est pourquoi ses efforts pour établir une science positive de la société se doublent d'un intérét plus pratique : instituer une nouvelle morale universelle fondée sur cette science positive.
Cette attitude de Durkheim était tout à fait de circonstance à l'époque où les républicains triomphants cherchaient à substituer une nouvelle morale laïque aux dogmes religieux.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 437-438
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.437

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 438-440
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.438

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 440-442
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.440

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Kyoichi Sonoda : Health and Illness in Changing Japanese Society

[in Japanese]

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 442-443
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.442

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 444-445
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.444

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 445-447
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.445

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1989 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 447-449
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.39.447

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