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Volume 40 (1989 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 360-
- Issue 3 Pages 252-
- Issue 2 Pages 118-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 40, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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A Comparative Study of Japan, the United States, and BritainHiroshi Ishida1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 252-266
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thesis of industrialism predicts a uniformity in the process of socio-economic status attainment and a dominance of universalistic criteria over particularistic ones in the status allocation process among industrial nations. With this prediction in mind, this study proposes to analyze the educational and socio-economic attainment process in Japan, the United States, and Britain. Social origins show significant effects on the attainment of various levels of educational credentials in all three societies. Our cohort analysis shows a trend of a decreasing effect of social origins on high school graduation and the attainment of O-level qualifications but reveals an opposite trend of an increasing effect of social origins on access to higher education.
With regard to the process of socio-economic attainment, our cohort analysis reports an increasing relative importance of educational credentials over social origins among all three societies as predicted by the thesis of industrialism. However, the relative importance of educational credentials over social origins in socio-economic attainment and socio-economic returns to educational credentials show cross-national variations across our societies. These results suggest that the allocation processes of socio-economic resources in the three countries are influenced by the difference in their educational system and their structure of labor market.View full abstractDownload PDF (1965K) -
Kazue Sakamoto1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 267-280
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocial Theory on acts has been criticized to assume over-socialized person.'Interpretive paradigm'tried to compose alternative theory which conceptualize creativeness and spontaneousness to conquer the defeat. But this effort is not successful because spontaneousness can not be predicted by any rule by its definition and it is impossible to consider any theory without a rule. But the problem of over-socialized person is important for theorizing changing process of norms as well as for drawing more realistic relations between acts and norms. Establishing total spontaneousness and freedom of individuals is not necessary.What we need is to constitute a model which proves 2 hypotheses. (1) A norm does not define the act decisively. (2) Acts may change the norm.
'Interpretive paradigm'is suggestive. It shows that we constitute the reality of the situation and define what norm exists in each situation by our each act, while'normative paradigm'assumes a given norm. Interpretive paradigm is a model which contains situation as a mediate factor between act and norm.
But the'interpretive paradigm'has contradictions, too. First, it can not deny that the ultimate meta norm determines the acts selecting norms. Second, changes of norms in the situation does not mean changes of norms in the society. The paradigm does not make it clear those differences, neither shows how situational changes can be a universal one. However there is a way to solve these problems. Taking a viewpoint of actor instead of ultimate determinism, we can see the process of the rules coming out through reflections.Norms can be changed by these reflections. We have to think of the conditions on which they occur, studying how heterogeneous society appears through the interaction of the situation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2265K) -
Hiroyuki Hayakawa1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 281-294
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is the analysis of commodity theory in Das Kapital. First of all, we examine the way of analysis that Marx emphasized in'Einleitung zu den Grundrissen der Kritik der politiischen Ökonomie. His way of analysis is not a deductive method or an inductive logic. We decide that his way of analysis arose where these ways were sublated, and we read his commodity theory from this point of view. We prove that his commodity theory in Das Kapital can be put into the frame of Individuum-Gattung, Wirklichkeit-Bewufßtsein. As a result, the possibility of reconsideration of the theory of value-form arises. We reconsider the theory of value-form, adding human consciousness. We explain his logic ; from products to commodities, and from commodities to money. It will be clear that his commodity theory surmounts the theory of Hegel, Feuerbach, Ricardo, and Bailey. Finally, we point out the premises and characteristics in his theory and conclude whether or not Marx proved successfully that money was a commodity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1984K) -
Yoshitomo Kodaka1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 295-309
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHoward Saul Becker is known as a very famous sociologist who has studied deviance. Before publishing Outsiders, he has published a lot of works whose subject is mainly occupation, especially profession. In this paper, my theme is to find why Becker could produce the study of deviance in Outsiders, watching especially the relation between Outsiders and the study of early works by Becker.
Becker was studying occupation, especially profession. At the same time he was a professional dance musician which has the trait of deviants in addition to the trait of professionals. So he could find the resemblance between profession (professionals) and deviance (deviants), and could find the importance of the deviant behavior of professionals. Finally it seems that he could produce Outsiders by transforming his and others' works of the study of occupation and his experience on his job into the study of deviance.View full abstractDownload PDF (2141K) -
Masato Hase1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 310-324
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBateson's “double bind” has been thought of as a logical and philosophical problem, because it is characterized by a logical paradox of the message. However it is also characterized by the untenability of family relationships and the rigidity of family systems. From this point of view, the double bind is a sociological problem.
By the system theory the double bind situation is described as follows. At one level in the family system, positive feedback occurs which requires a change in the system, but at a higher level, negative feedback occurs restricting positive feedback and stabilizing the system as a whole. This complicated situation constrains the family's interactional pattern and binds family members.
However this situation can be dissolved by the doctor's intervention which will restrict negative feedback and change the family system as a whole with the aid of positive feedback. This way of dissolving the double bind provides a possible suggestion as to how to dissolve strains within a rigid social system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1996K) -
Ken'ichi Wakita1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 325-339
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResource management has recently been considered to be important in policy of Japanese coastral fishery. However, resource management should be done through fishing ground management by fishermen themselves.
The aim of this paper is to examine the traditional fishing ground management in the offing in a Japanese fishing village. In many research works on fishing villages, fishing ground ownership has been operationally separated from its management. However, this approach can not explain sufficiently traditional fishing ground management, I therefore stand a point of view that both ownership and management should be analyzed simultaneously. Under this managemant, the fishing competition had been controled. After the World War II, however, strain has been caused between this managemant and fishing improved with technological innovation during the modernization of coastral fisherly.
In a case study of this paper, standing such a point of view, I analyze this managemant and the strain. And I pay attention to “priority” and “monopoly” that is arised from fishing at a point or place in the fishing ground. This “priority” and “monopoly” appears on the traditional management. Under this “priority” and “monopoly”, other fishermen refrain from fishing there. Conseqently, I pointed out that whereas the fishing ground is owned by fishing village, the fishing point in the fishing ground is primarily owned by the fisherman while he invests labor in there.View full abstractDownload PDF (2357K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 343-344
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (193K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 344-346
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (304K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 346-348
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (364K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 349-350
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (304K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 351-352
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (218K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 352-354
Published: December 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (376K)
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