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Volume 39 (1988 - 198･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 374-
- Issue 3 Pages 230-
- Issue 2 Pages 102-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 39, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Aug Nishizaka1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 102-118,227
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper will give an account as to how action is possible as an event. The fact that meaning of action is necessarily CONTINGENT forces us into reconceptualizing RULE (1). After overlooking speech-act theory, according to which MEANING of action is <force> as distinct from <sense> of word (2), then, to meet its difficulty, the levels of speech act and of action as an event with a certain force will be differenciated. As for the latter, how it occurs will be considered by reference to <conversation analysis>, whose methode was systematically established by H. Sacks and his colleagues (3). In the last analysis, three rules will be given : <turn-taking system> at the most basic level; <adjacency pairs> and constitutive rules for speech act at the middle level. Action is constituted by the parties themselves managing interactively the process of the constitution, EXPLOITING the rules.View full abstractDownload PDF (1634K) -
Yoshihide Sakurai1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 119-136,227
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper studies the theory of ancestor worship suggested by M. Fortes et al. According to him, ancestor worship is the ritualization of filial piety which compels sons to accept fathers' jural authority, metamorphosing it into ancestors' mystical authority. Ancestor Worship is inextricably tied to the patriarchal family structure. This discussion will center on two points : 1) the interdependence of successive generations (fathers and their eldest sons) in the rites for the dead : 2) the correlation between ancestral rites and agrarian family structure.
The data is from Kurosawa, a village in Yamagata Prefecture. This analysis reveals the following things :
1) The temple Choushuji has a folk ritual in which the pictorial votive offerings of marriage are given for the unmarried dead children. If these are not given, it is believed, one who does not have any legitimate successor cannot attain ancestorhood and will become a ghost muen-hotoke. The research of genealogical relations between the dead and the dedicator, indicates that eldest sons were dedicated by their fathers, while siblings by their mothers or elder siblings. This reveals the mutual dependence between a father and his eldest son, which goes with the fact that today, as in the past, an eldest son exclusively has a preeminent right of inheritance, especially due to his status as a household head and a citizen of the village.
2) In contemporary Kurosawa, the rites of ancestor worship are practiced more frequently in agrarian families than in wage-earning ones; in stem families than in conjugal ones; in a household of higher rank than in a one of lower. And the greater the number of generations in a household's history, or the more a household retains a patriarchal filiation, the more ancestral rites are practiced.
In short, it is validated in quantitative analysis that ancestor worship still closely related to some of the characteristics of patrilineal family structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (2009K) -
-T. Parsons and N. Luhmann-Koichi Tanaka1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 137-152,226
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, we attempt to examine the solution to the social order problem proposed by Talcott Parsons from the standpoint set down by Niklas Luhmann : and to clarify the contribution of Luhmann's “theory of self-referential systems” to theoretical development in this area of sociology.
According to Parsons' theory of action, the concept of “system” has two meanings : (a) a system made up of actions, (b) a system made up of analytical elements (a system of action). Parsons does not discuss in detail the problem of social order in (a). Rather, he quickly shifts his discussion to another emergent level of system (b), as he considers the problem of social order to be reducible to that of how the norm-conforming action is motivated and accomplished.
We consider it essential that a more direct inquiry be made into the constitutional relation between a system and actions (elements), which Luhmann terms “the problem of self-reference”. We describe, in terms of Luhmann's theory, “the mechanism of de-tautologization of self-reference”, by means of which every concrete system and action is organized : a restriction of relations between actions, that is, building a normative structure.
Structure-building does not, however, necessarily result in the acceptance of a restriction determined by a normative structure. Rather, it provides an actor with the alternatives of acceptance or rejection-in other words, with two possible responses to the structural restriction, with the structured complexity. Given a structure, one can act in response to other actions (other's actions) and recursively produce a succession of new actions. In conclusion, therefore, we define the social order as none other than the autopoietic reproduction of actions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1779K) -
-Some Contradiction between Institutional Change and Personal Change-Jun Ishikawa1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 153-167,225
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrategic dilemma of social movements is one of the most crucial issues for the study of social movements. The resource mobilization theory has been concerned with strategic aspect of social movements. Its focus, however, is only on the dimension of institutional change. Another indispensable dimension of social movements, personal change, is totally neglected. This flaw is caused by the introduction of rational choice theory as its basic logic for explaining social movements.
In contrast, the new social movement theory calls attention to some grass-roots movements which oppose excessive state intervention to the civil society, request extending welfare provisions of the state and attempt to reform the normative order of the civil society itself. The new social movement theory defines these activities as new social movements pursuing both institutional and personal change at once. However, this theory would rather place these movements on a particular macro-structural and historical context called “Post-industrial society” or “late Capitalist Society”, than theorize strategic problems.
This paper will present 9 hypotheses concerning the strategic dilemma of social movements which aim at both institutional and personal change simultaneously. Four dimensions of strategic dilemma are mainly argued, that is, network characteristics, organizational structure, supports from third parties and effectiveness of constraint.View full abstractDownload PDF (1732K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 168-169
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
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[in Japanese]1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 169-171
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (335K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 173-174
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (189K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 175-176
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (206K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 177-179
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (339K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 179-180
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (202K) -
1988 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 224
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
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