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Volume 37 (1986 - 198･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 392-
- Issue 3 Pages 272-
- Issue 2 Pages 134-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 37, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Noboru Ochi1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 272-292
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCivil activities are manifold in the city, but networking is defined as consistent social movements in which citizens create life culture, trying to solve social contradictions voluntarily. The meaning of networking will be explained by making a mutually-related examination of the principles of civil activity in the movement, organization and creative culture.
My view of the matter is hypothesized by dividing into twelve standards in this essay in which I have been studying the characteristic features of networking, taking up some cases of civil activities to produce co-developing power among local inhabitants in urbanized societies in Japan today.
Consequently the question is that the networking raises the tension both on the self-governing body's administration and on the local organization (CHONAIKAI) in Japan. Therefore an important problem is how to create a primary network based upon daily voluntary activities. Such a daily activity is expected to exercise a basic influence both upon the administration and the local organization, creating a new way of community life. Another problem is that an inevitable change in consciousness is brought on the side of the staff actually engaged in administrating.
To solve the two problems we must notice inhabitants' universally-oriented autonomy especially in Japan's networking. Studying this form of networking has revealed contradictions lurking in the city. On the other hand, the more urgently important the solution becomes, the more amplified the qualitative networking linked with civil activities becomes while the networking itself has contradictions and complications. It is yet to be expected that a dynamic law of the networking in Japan's urbanized societies can be defined by researching such action, organization and culture as created by civil movements.View full abstractDownload PDF (3212K) -
Toshiaki Furuki1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 293-307
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the Japanese society has taken its share in the “Center” of the world system and has changed itself into a powerful factor of the crises for the human society, it should today be necessary to re-grasp the Japanese society from a viewpoint of the world society. It would not always be real in this viewpoint to estimate the speciality of the Japanese society as a major factor of its recent development and to emphasize the peculiarity of the Japanese civilization. In reality, such a speciality has been falling down or reducing its importance by the emergence of the so-called new middle mass, the appearance of the new life style and the changes of the industrial society in Japan, which are the results of its “centralization” of the world system. Now, that is no more a basic factor of the social development in Japan. Because the more some society enters into the “Center”, the more it depends upon the logic that penetrates commonly all the society of the “Center”. As a result, the function of that speciality would be limited to the level of a mediation which gives some pattern for the social development. Such a function could give various patterns as a mediation, and has nowadays a possibility to give a pattern of the neo-nationalism in Japan. Over against this, I would like to emphasize an another possibility to give an “eastasian” pattern of the social development. This is meaningful to seach for the possibility of the reform in the Japanese society as a “Center” and to overcome the crises of the human society.View full abstractDownload PDF (2469K) -
Takatoshi Imada1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 308-322
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe most important task in the present social sciences might be to construct social theory of the self-organity. This paper discusses, from the viewpoint of self-organity, the necessity and foundations of Reflexive-functionalism as a disconstruction of the former functionalism. The essential points of self-organity lie in self-referentiality in logic and self-reflexion in social science. Having rejected the problem of self-reflexion from its theory, the former functionalism cannot dispute sufficiently with the challenge of so called meaning school (phenomenological sociology, ethnomethodology, symbolic interactionism and so on). Moreover, the modern scientific view on which functionalism has depended is now being swayed by the problem of self-referentiality. To establish Reflexive-functionalism, based on scientific view of self-referentiality, which includes self-reflexive mechanism in its theory is an urgent problem, I would say. In this paper, I argue firstly the necessity for'overarching paradigm'that bridges over the diversified sociological paradigms thrown into confusion. Then, I state my opinion on scientific view of self-referentiality which includes the methodological viewpoint of Verstehende Wissenschaften. Finally, I give critical arguments on the former functionalism and discuss about the foundations of Reflexive-functionalism which adopts reflexive mechanism in both levels of action and system. Reflexive-functionalism is the very paradigm that bridges over the key concepts of social theory ; structure, function, and meaning.View full abstractDownload PDF (2377K) -
Takashi Kurihara1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 323-337
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEs wird oft behauptet, daß viele Probleme des modernen Bewußtseins als Sprachentfremdung analysiert werden können. Aber wie die Sprachentfremdung auftritt, blieb bisher ziemlich unklar. Der Zweck dieses Aufsatz ist, einen Schlüssel zu dieser Frage in der Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns zu finden.
Ich ziehe dabei zuerst die in der Sprechakttheorie von J.L. Austin bis J. Habermas entwickelten Konzeptionen der Bedeutung und der Funktionen der Sprechakte heran. Sodann disktiere ich in diesem Zusammenhang A. Lorenzers Thorie von der Rolle Sprachentfremdung bei psychischen Krankheiten. Dabei erweisen sich die folgenden Punkte als bedeutend :
-die Unterschiede zwischen der Kraft (force) und der Effekte des Sprechakts
-die Unterschiede zwischen Sprechaktregeln und objektiven Kausalgesetzen
-die Unterschiede zwischen Verständnis und Interpretation
-zwei Typen der Sprachentfremdung.
Auf diese Diskussion gründe ich meine These, daß die heutigen Sprachentfremdungen durch die Trennung des Effekt von der Kraft des Sprechakts und durch den Druck des Effekt auf die Kraft verursacht werden. Im Lichte dieser These können wir viele Phänomene besser analysieren, z.B. das Schrumpfen der Kommunikation und das Wuchern der Information, das Überhandnehmen der Interpretation und der durch Signale konditionierten Reflexe.
Damit lassen sich auch die gesellschaftlichen Probleme des heutigen Bewu Btseins tiefer verstehen.View full abstractDownload PDF (2202K) -
“Open possibilities” of experience in SchutzShuji Toyoizumi1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 338-351
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToday Schutz's sociological theory is often criticized on account of the “conservative” tendency. But in this paper, I would like to inquire Schutz's theoretical significance that would involve a system critique, relating to the problem of “open possibilities” in his theory about everyday world. Of course, it doesn't mean returning to the former “subjectivistic” interpretation of Schutz's sociological theory, but it means trying to find the theoretical significance in the problem of “typicality” that is usually criticized to be “conservative”.
The usual interpretation has often overlooked the problem of “open possibilities” of everyday world in contrast with the closed meaning world of social science. Although “typicality” or “the take for granted nature” is characteristic of everyday world, it doesn't mean the closed typicality of everyday experience (“conservative tendency”). It would rather be the condition of the subjectivity in everyday world. Schutz constructed his theory of everyday world through criticizing both subjectivistic and positivistic social science, so that the actuality and significance of his theory consist in the way of relating typicality and subjectivity in everyday world.View full abstractDownload PDF (2286K) -
Shun'ichi Mukasa1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 352-368
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKizaemon Aruga is well known as one of the gteat scholars of the Japanese rural sociology. When and why he decided to study Japanese society ?
At 27, he met with Kunio Yanagita, the greatest folklorist in Japan, and began to study Japanese folklore. Before then he was a main member of “Sirakaba” literary movement which intended to realize the European individualism in Japan. Indeed, he had been among the true admirers of Europian culture, especialy its arts and literature, and had written some poems, musical essays and a play.
So it had been a riddle why Aruga changed his couse after when he met with K. Yanagita and to study Japanese society. In this article, the author examined this problem by means of the analysis of his unique 2 acts play, “Blizzard”, written in his “Sirakaba” days.
The first reason of Aruga's changing cource was in the similarity of the theme between “Blizzard” and his later sociological study. The subject of “Blizzard” was the reason of the downfall of tenant farmers. And this phenomenon Aruga examined from another side in his sociological study of landowner systems in after years.
The second reason was the discovery of the sympathetic view for common people in Yanagita's folklore. This discovery enforced Aruga to realize his play's weekness, that is, “Blizzard” had not a humanistic point of view for lower classes.
These two factors led Aruga to study Japanese culture with deep sympathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (2575K) -
A new approach to environmental issue from community studiesYukiko Kada1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 369-377
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough various approaches from social sciences have been made as to the issue of environmental degradation, sociological studies are very limited so far in Japan in terms of both the scope and the number of the study. The scope of the environmental study from the sociological fields are limited to pathological sociology, citizens' movement, or some system's approaches.
This paper proposes a possibility of new field of environmental study, namely environmental history, which deals with environmental problems from the standpoint of cultural and historical studies of local communities. Here, we define the environmental history as the study on the tradition and knowledge of peoples' everyday life which have been accummulated in the number of generations. In other words, this approach emphasizes the uniqueness of each local community in terms of cultual and historical backgrounds of contemporary environmental issues. We also emphasize the rebellious traits based on uniqueness of local cummunities in modernizing society where unifying power on everyday life is strongly permeating.
This paper also deals with the perceptional background of uniqueness of local communites in terms of meanings of space and localities where peoples' daily experiences are usually sublimated into a collective illusion. This collective illusion sometimes plays an important role in the decision making process at local level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1509K) -
[in Japanese]1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 378-379
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (210K) -
[in Japanese]1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 379-381
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (324K) -
[in Japanese]1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 381-382
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (324K) -
[in Japanese]1986 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 383-384
Published: December 31, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (210K)
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