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Volume 43 (1992 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 376-
- Issue 3 Pages 266-
- Issue 2 Pages 126-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 43, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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on the Relationship to the SelfJun Takahashi1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 376-389
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew middle class, defined by its particular life style, is one of the foci of the problematiques of modern societies. In this article, we examine the reproduction strategy which Japanese new middle class in its burgeoning stage (1910 s and 20 s) exerted in the familial and, educational areas, and analyze the “relationship to the self” (it is a problematique of Michel Foucault) which we can find in the strategy. The relationship to the self of new middle class is found in its practices of “contraception”, “home education”, and “new education”. And it can be considered as reflection to oneself of the power relations which connect firmly with the kind of knowledge (savoir) which can be called “modern science”. Also it involves the dominance of the professional and mass media, and contains “cultivation of the self” and “control of the self” which contributes to the exploitation of capital or of the state. The relationship to the self in this form, which has disseminated to almost the whole Japanese society in the second half of the twentieth century, makes a base for domination. It forms a very stable domination because it is internalized in the life and body of people by nature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1673K) -
Kaoru Endo1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 390-405
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, we would like to present a framework to understand our nowadays society. First we review various arguments on the trend of our age, and point out the problems to be considered. Then, to solve the problems, we adopt the concept “paradigm” refered from “language game”. According to Wittgenstein, “language game” is the whole of interactions between members in a group, and the members refer to “paradigm” regarded as transcendentally exists to play their “language game”. “Language game” corresponds to the social activity and “paradigm” to a view of social life, we think. Therefore, we can see the social movement as the sequence of interactions of the several paradigms existing in the society.
At the beginning of the Modern Age, three types of automated machines were born. Clock, automata, and computer. They have represented three main paradigms specifying the social dynamics from Modern Age to our age, we think. We can examine this hypothesis by analysing the history. And we confirm that the social movement can be explained by inconsistency among paradigms represented by the machines mentioned above, which have been coexistent in the society.
From consideration above, we conclude that : Our age will not proceed to pre-Modern society, totally controlled society, nor grass-roots network society spontaneously as insisted in the arguments refered first. Our age is a “language game” refering to “machine creating machines”. So, we must consider what and how machines are to be created from now on.View full abstractDownload PDF (2162K) -
Characteristics of the Sociological New InstitutionalismMasahiko Kaneko1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 406-420
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSo far, many organization theories have analyzed organizational forms in terms of the technical function. This analytical attention is seen both in closed system models and in open system models. In contrast, The sociological new institutionalism in organization theories insists that organizations constitute their forms under the influence of the widespread belief about them, rather than their technical functions. The institutional isomorphic process is observed in a variety of organizational fields.
The new institutionalism hasn't emerged without reference to any earlier theory of organizations. In focusing on the institutional environments, the new institutionalism has been affected by Selznick's organization theory or old institutionalism. But, these institutionalism differ in the view on the operation of the environments. For, while the new institutionalism depends on sociology of knowledge, the old institutionalism depends on functional theory. These general sociological theories differ in the view on social realities.
The new Institutionalism has focused on how institutionalized forms diffuse or are reproduced. In order to analyze the overall process of institutionalizing, this theory needs to be incorporated by March's theory of organizational learning process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1993K) -
Ken Fujikawa1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 421-435
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough Takata Yasuma is known as a sociologist who established Japanese theoritical sociology, he is also refferred by his arguments on folk (Minzoku) during the pre-war era. In this case, the criticisms, whether positively or negatively, have tended to be made to Takata' s attitude on actuality or Japanese nationalism than to the validity of his arguments. It is intended, in this paper, to reveal the relations of Takata's folk arguments to his sociological theory, by the examination of his concept “ketsugo” or solidarity.
Takata began his sociology in the name of sociology of solidarity, for he considered the social relationships as the most essential theme of sociology. But, in order to increase universal value and analytical abstraction of his theory, he substituted the common tendencies of human beings to solidarities and differentiations for the social relationships. In his thought that these two tendencies are unexplainable factor, Takata's theory, the Third Historical View or the Populational View of History, has become to seem to explain the rational process of social development by the irrational elements of mankind, and regard the “Vergesellschaftung” as the natural result of history.
In the argument on folk he put emphasis on the solidarity of folk for the self-protection of the folk. Yet, in this emphasis, the irrationality of his treatment of tendencies to solidaity has been the cause of difficulty to treat-the folk's solidarity relatively and objectively in his theory.
Then it is pointed out that the possibility to make his theoritical elements rational can be gained by going back to his early writings. And his attitude toward his native place is reexamined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1829K) -
Theoretical Criticism of Treitschke's State TheoryYoshihiko Shiratori1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 436-450
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the Third Republic, France finally became a veritable “nation-state”. This was illustrated by a series of national education reformes founded on three principles : 'freedom from religion, free of charge, compulsory'.
In the presence of these circumstances, Émile Durkheim, whose studies in sociology ultimately concerned the stability of French society, took an interest in State theory, particulary from the moral perspective.
With the outbreak of the First World War, Durkheim returned to his reflections on State theory. In 1915, he wrote a pamphlet entitled “L' Allemagne au = dessus de tout (Germany above all)”. In this text, he criticized Treitschke's idea of the State. According to Durkheim, his idea was embodied in the maxim, 'The State is Power', quite the opposite of Durkheim's interpretation of State. This criticism can be placed in the context of the development of Durkheim's State theory.
From his discussion of the First World War, we can see the tight linkage between Durkheim' s theoretical interests and the practical problems of the times.View full abstractDownload PDF (1823K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 451-453
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (374K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 454-455
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 455-457
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (342K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 457-458
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (229K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 459-460
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (258K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 460-462
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (384K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 462-463
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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