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Volume 33 (1982 - 198･･･
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Volume 33, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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A monographic study of a village in Hokkaido, JapanSanzo Satoh1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 2-19
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter the national movement to improve rural society (Nosangyosonkeizaikoseiundo) started in 1932, the agricultural policy of the government cleary changed toward to protect and control tenant-farmars directly.
However, the government executed the policy within the reform of the product force, or without radically reforming the land ownership. As a result, the village was controlled dually by the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the government. The former controlled the village as a political organization through Buraku-kai which was the self-government body of the village and the latter controlled the village as an economic organization through Noji-jikko-kumiai newly organized in the village.
The important posts of the Buraku-kai were then occupied by the landowners who cultivated some of their own land and rent out the remainder and by owners who were the representatives of the order of the traditional ownership. On the other hand, the important posts of the Noji-jikko-kumiai were occupied by owner-tenants or tenant-owners who were the representatives of the order of the management.
Accordingly, in studying the political structure of the village during the World War II, we should pay attention to the dual control of a village by the government and the differences of classes and functions between the Buraku-kai and the Noji-jikko-kumiai.View full abstractDownload PDF (2296K) -
A case of Okago village, Iwate prefecture, from 1789 to 1870Masao Takagi1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 20-43
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the late 1960s the economic historians of Japan have reported various case studies of historical demography that are based on the analyses of the shumon aratame cho (Books of Investigation of Beliefs). This particular field of research was first pioneered by a French demographer, Luois Henry, in the 1950s. Since then it has been widely adopted by the European as well as other scholars.
While the main sources of data in Historical Demography are the Parish records and the census materials in the case of Europe and the United States, shumon aratame cho and/or ninzu aratame cho (Books of Household Counts) may be considered an equivalent data set in the Japanese case. Such data enable us to investigate quantitatively the structures and patterns of the household and the family during the pre-industrial Japan. It also makes it possible for us to find out the demegraphic characteristics of a small-scale community with reference to labor forces and their changes.
The present paper focuses upon Okago Village, Iwate Prefecture, from 1789 to 1870. Since this period had faced a great famine called Tempo kikin (1833-1836), the study also attempts to analyze its impact on the individual families and the community as a whole.
Our major findings include : 1) the average size of households and the number of households greatly declined after the famine. Although the household size eventually recovered to that of the pre-famine period, the number of households remained much less. 2) The composition of households may be divided into two or three dominant types. Those different types of family repeat them-selves with the passing of generations within the stem families. 3) Whereas an average age at marriage at the turn of the 19th century ranged widely for both male and females, it came to be predominantly concentrated on the age between 20 and 25 during the latter half of the 19th century. This tendency goes counter to the findings in other studies (See Figure 8, p. 30) 4) A greater number of children were born to a wealthier household, and a less wealthy household was more likely to become extinct due to the famine. Lastly, 5) upon the death of a head of the household, it turned out that the famine made the age of the grantor of the inheritance younger by about five years.
With this case study as a point of departure, we intend to investigate the demographic behavior covering other village of the same prefecturer.View full abstractDownload PDF (2669K) -
Ryoichi Terada1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 44-62
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe transformation of the industrial society into its post-industrial stage, in which the paradigm of industrialization is converted, is analyzed with two axes; technological-economic and cultural-cognitive. Polarization of two tendencies along these axes (hyper-industrialization and anti-industrialization) appeared at the first stage of transformation, and post-industrialization is supposed as overlapping of these two tendencies at the second stage.
In an industrial society mode of integration consists of “modern” dichotomous framework of cognition in the cultural-cognitive aspect and of “mechanical technology” in the technological-economic aspect. From this mode of integration two contradictory transformations are derived. Coming of post-mechanical or information technology in the technological-economic aspect and hyper-industrial tendency on the one hand, and at the same time, upsurge of “post-modernism” in cultural-cognitive aspect and anti-industrial tendency on the other. Leaving technological-economic aspect out of consideration, “post-modernist” criticism of industrial society proposed little significant alternatives, nor did hyper-industrial tendency.
Facing up to various crises of hyper-industrial mode of development, polarisation of the two aspects have begun to overlap. Overlap and interaction of these two trends leads to post-industrial stage, in which alternative modes of technological-economic development are sought through reconsidering “modern” framework of cognition. Examinating different perspectives of D. Bell and of A. Touraine, post-industrialization as a actual problematic is explored.View full abstractDownload PDF (2524K) -
Shinji Katagiri1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 63-79
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article argues how we can use a new approach, the interorganizational approach, for the study of local politics. Although the interorganizational approach has been developed mainly in the field of organization study, this approach has been latently used for, and therefore, familiar to the study of local politics as well. In studying local politics, however, this approach has not yet been integrated well and vaguely diversified by several frameworks. In this article, the interorganizational network approach is discussed as the most effective for studying local politics.
Local politics, from the interorganizational network perspective, can be analyzed on any one of the following three levels.
(1) An interorganizational network emerged around a certain issue, which manifests as a discernible phenomenon of local politics.
(2) An interorganizational network as a power structure, by which a local.political structure is described.
(3) An interorganizational network as an infrastructure, i.e., as a latent social structure, on which local politics is at work.
Among them, the first one seems to be most available, because the analytical objects are distinct and easily confined.
Two axes, (1) existence or absence of a coordinating agency and (2) manifestation or latency of opposition, provide us with four ideal types of “the issue interorganizational network”. Those are (1) market-type network, (2) administration-type network, (3) confrontation-type network, and (4) mediation-type network. Some hypotheses are suggested on transitional processes among them, and on decision making process of each type.View full abstractDownload PDF (2314K) -
[in Japanese]1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 80-83
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (532K) -
[in Japanese]1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 83-86
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (464K) -
[in Japanese]1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 86-88
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (396K) -
1982 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 90-121
Published: December 31, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4169K)
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