All issues
Volume 24 (1973 - 197･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 2-
- Issue 3 Pages 2-
- Issue 2 Pages 2-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 24, Issue 4
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Susumu Inuzuka1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 2-18,144
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInquiry into human behavior has been centered on the analysis of 'purposeful' behavior, 'performed' behavior and 'unperformed' behavior. For example, each corresponds to sociological functionalism, micro-economic theory or behavioral psychology and game theory respectively. However, such an inquiry is still lacking consideration of other two aspects, namely, the 'on-going' and the 'should-be' behavior. So long as we omit these two aspects, our understanding of human behavior would stay incomplete.
In this paper, attention is mainly paid to the Exchange Theory which has been developed and accumulated until recently. Why we choose this rather than other theories is simply because of its great merit. It throws light on all the above five aspects of human behavior. In the first part, we trace back the development of the Exchange Theory. Four areas are identified as functionalism (sociology and anthropology), interactionism, psychology, and decision theory and game theory. Theoretical characteristics of the Exchange Theory is broadly defined. It grasps human behavior and social relations in terms of exchange of various goods and services. When we explore the attempts which take this point of view, particularly those of P.M. Blau's, G.C. Homans', and R. Emerson's, we note four common basic concepts, namely, party, reward, cost, and profit and its evaluation. As these concepts are sometimes expressed in different ways according to different theorists, we wish to seek for shared conceptualization of them. And finally, by way of re-systematizing the basic principles and patterns in the Exchange Theory, we hope to clarify some characteristic features outlining it.
Far from being an isolated framework, the Exchange Theory has close relationship to other previous sociological theories with some overlapping boundaries. As this approach focuses on the 'on-going' and the 'should-be' behavior, and at the same time searches out sociological ambivalence lying beneath the surface of everyday life, therefore here lies its uniqueness as a method of inquiry. Although there are some limitations for its application, this approach clearly posesses hopeful prospects of development. It offers a big step in closing up the on-going activities occuring in the 'real and living' social life.View full abstractDownload PDF (2602K) -
Focusing Upon the “Ko Groups”Takatoshi Seki1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 19-43,143
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is a well-known fact that the “Ko groups” have been studied as one of the most important social groups in Japanese rural communities.
The purpose of this monographic study is to clarify how these traditional “Ko groups” adapt to the re-setlled village community in Hokkaido area. There are three Ko groups in the re-settled village community called “Tonami” where I researched. These are, (a) “Tonami-Hoonko”, (b) “Tonami-Oko” and (c) “Zaike-Hoonko”. I analyzed these Ko groups in connection with the social structure of the re-settled village community.
The following points have been revealed :
1) “Tonami-Hoonko” is organized by all members of the re-settled community and it has social functions of unity and independency as a whole, which are the most important practice for the re-settled community;
2) “Tonami-Oko” is organized by each member of the six “Noji-Kumiais” which are composed in the re-settled village community, and this Ko group has an important function of social bond as neighborhood;
3) “Zaike-Hoonko” is practiced by each household and this member is organized by kinship, and this “Ko group” coheres more firmly each relatives within the re-settled village community as well as outside, because this “Ko group” has social bond both Ko and kinship.
From the above mentions, it can be concluded that these traditional “Ko groups” have important integrative functions and meanings in the life of a re-settled village community.View full abstractDownload PDF (3779K) -
Tadamasa Murai1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 44-62,142
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToday sociology, which as originally founded as a science of social crises in the early nineteenth century Europe, seems to have been too much institutionalized. In the second half of 1960s many young American sociologists began to question the basic assumptions of so called “established sociology”, particularly that of Parsonian “Grand Theory” of structural-functional analysis and “Abstracted Empiricism” in terms of the late C. W. Mills. Thus there is no doubt that the critical traditions of the discipline have found its new partisans in recent years.
In spite of this growing split between “establishment sociology” and “radical sociology”, the mainstream of the discipline is still in the safe and shallow waters of academic empricism. Nonetheless there is a new trend which seems to be of great importance for the future of sociology; the rise of a new interest in the symbolic interactionism of George Herbert Mead.
The growing interest in details of social interaction, in the structure of the worlds of our everyday life, is likely to take us back to Mead again. With the recent decline of functionalism, Mead's thought has begun to attract deep concern of younger sociologists.
In 1966 Herbert Blumer, the foremost sociological student of Mead, tried to suggest “the freshness, the fecundity, and the revolutionary implications” of Mead's point of view. In the essay, which developed into a serial of polemics, Blumer stressed that Mead had seen the self as a dynamic process of interaction between “I” and “Me”.
However, Mead's treatment of the self as a process was transformed into something much more static and his “generalized other” became just another way of talking about reference group.
In this article the author makes some critical appraisals of the key concepts of Mead's self theory and then he considers if symbolic interactionism could be a more appropriate methodology for the study of human behavior than the positivistic methods which were borrowed from the natural sciences.View full abstractDownload PDF (3031K) -
Kuniko Nakamura, Hideichiro Nakano1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 63-75,141
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of this preliminary report is to present some results of our recent survey on Japanese physicians in two cities, named K city (populations; about 1, 300, 000) and N city (population; about 210, 000) in Kansai area.
The survey was done in 1972, with a questionnaire sent to the members of the two cities' medical associations (K city; 1704 and N city; 205), asking them to fill and sent it back to our office.
The questionnaire containing 61 questions is divided into four parts, namely i) objective social properties of physicians; the recruitment pattern, especially the inheritance ratio of medical profession, ii) labour-consciousness in work; alienation and freedom in work setting, iii) opinions and attitudes on professional activities; competition and cooperation with other medical workers, professional association, profession=client relationship and so forth, and iv) social life; social behavior and attitudes of the physicians outside their work.
From the data collected, it was possible to analyze and portray some features of Japanese physisians tentatively.
Concerning some important topics included in our survey, reference should be made to the independent articles written by H. NAKANO; 'The Problem of “Labor” in Professions' in Atarashii Rodosha no Kenkyu (A Study of New Workers) edited by H. Mannari, Hakuto Shobo, Tokyo, 1973, 'The Problem of “Recruitment” in Professions', Sociology Department Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1973, 'Organization and Professions', Sociology Department Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1973, 'On Political Orientation among Professions', Sociology Department Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, (in print).View full abstractDownload PDF (2102K) -
-About its Dramatistic Approach-Seizo Maeda1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 76-82,140
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSymbolic interactionism, which has been developed by some American sociologists and social psychologists, is known as a theory which emphasizes subjectivity of human action and objects Harvard mechanists' sociological theory. But some questions about symbolic interactionism, especially about H.D. Duncan's theory, arise for its theoretical ambiguity. Firstly, this theory lacks the aspect concerned with social structure as a whole. Secondly, function of symbolic action is limited to creation and sustaining of social order. Thirdly, symbolic materials which are quoted in this theory are limited to particular materials which are not used universally.
This note aims to consider how we can supplement the weak points of symbolic internationalism which are pointed out above with the method of dramatism which was proposed by K. Burke and made a sociological amendment by H.D. Duncan. In this discussion I propose three points. Firstly, we must develop the logical and systematic consistency between considerations of the emergent process of symbolic action and the social function of symbols which emerge from it's process. Secondly, we must arrange the pentad model of symbolic action more analytically. Thirdly, we must clarify the relationship between the pentad model and the function of symbols.View full abstractDownload PDF (1033K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 83-86
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (700K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 86-89
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (628K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 90-93
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (508K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 93-96
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (601K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 96-100
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (864K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 100-103
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (661K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 103-107
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (830K) -
[in Japanese]1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 107-111
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (748K) -
1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 121
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (111K) -
Reuben Hill1974 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 129-139
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1384K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|