Japanese Sociological Review

Weber's Sociology of Religions as a Genealogy of the Occidental Subjectivity

Reviewed from his Personal Life History

Masanao Katsumata

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 2-15,123
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.2

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In Gesammelte Aufsátze zur Religionssoziologie of Max Weber two unique theses are found : (1) Protestants' solicitude caused by the predestination, (2) the auditory prophecy of ancient Judaism. Through reexamining Weber's biography, this paper discusses (1) what enabled Weber to understand Protestants' mind ? (2) why the voice of God predominates over visual images in his interpretation ?
Our review of his works from his personal life-history implies (1) the obsessed efforts as an heir of the Webers helped him understand the protestants' mind towards Beruf, (2) his identification with the ancient prophets made him discover an Occidental way of subjectivity called by the superior Subject.
Sublimating his personal problems in his life-history to academic works, Weber could describe [1] the end and [2] the origin of the genealogy of the Occidental subjectivity in the two theses.

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Constructing a Theory of the Sociology of Science

“The Convention of the Institutionalisation” of the Scientific Community

Miwao Matsumoto

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 30-43,123
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.30

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This paper examines how consistent theory construction can be made based upon six “unit ideas” of the sociology of science : scientists, scientists' behaviour, networks among scientists, the scientific community, scientific institutions, and the social system, each providing a different level of analyses sui generis. Attention is focused upon the implications of the institutionalisation of the scientific community.
Within the sociology of science since the 1980 s, detailed but divergent empirical works in different research streams in Europe have proliferated, but, in contrast, the concept and theory formation on the basis of which we can get a consistent perspective to grasp the overall structure of the field have not necessarily been fully developed. This situation requires us to construct a theory with high potential for developing a research programme, which is able to bridge the various research streams of the so-called Post-Kuhnians in the ongoing research front. If the theory constructed should lack the relevant frame of reference, it would then be incommensurable in relation to the respective universes of discourse.
This paper argues that : (1) the sociology of science can be exhaustively defined as the theory of (a) institutionalisation, (b) internal structure of the scientific community and (c) its interaction with other social groups ; (2) these theories can be proved to be commensurable in terms of their describing the state of the scientific community ; (3) “the convention of institutionalisation” (abbreviated “COI” below) as concerns the sequential pattern of institutionalisation should be introduced to the theory. The reason is that COI makes it much easier to extend the theory constructed so that sociologically meaningful but intuitively paradoxical results such as the possibility of professionalised science without institutionalisation (e.g., Aryan physics) can be derived.

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A Study on the “Société réelle” in the Sociology of P.J. Proudhon from an Angle of the Educational Society

Hideki Sumioka

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 44-57,122
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.44

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Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865 French) is reckoned among pioneers of the sociology of societal depth along with Marx, Durkheim and Bergson.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of “Société réelle” in his sociology and find some of the special factors in the educational society.
The main points of the analyses are as follows ;
1) The mutualism, a componential principle of “Societe reelle”, aims at the complete liberty for each individual and complete equality among all individuals. In other words, it seeks equally the interdependence and social responsibility of all men. This agrees with the idea of educational society which seeks the balance between individual character building and social formation.
2) The multi-faceted individuality and community, another componential principle of “Société réelle”, is based on the idea that the foundation of society is composedof diversity and difference of talent. This also agrees with the idea of educational society which emphasized the social building and development of an individual character.
3) Proudhon approaches the goal through the social revolution by awaking and enlarging “Société réelle”, and he rejects the political revolution by Marx. It is the veryprocess and system of the educational society. In Proudhon's thought, we should find a new possibility for socialism instead of the contemporary confusing socialism.

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Participation Frame as an Arrangement of Bodies

Aug Nishizaka

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 58-73,122
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.58

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Every social setting is a collective of bodies, and each participating body observes their arrangement as a certain setting. Bodies can be collected in a social setting only becauseeach of them observes and experiences their collective in a certain way, and, at the same time, they can observe the setting as such because they are collected in a certain way. The participating bodies know this “reflexivity, ” as Garfinkel calls it, and use it to arrange themselves such that the setting can be organized as a meaningful one. This paper attempts to describe how this is achieved cooperatively by the participant bodies, analyzing audiovisually recorded fragments of some experimental psychotherapy sessions. Through critically examining Goffman's concepts of participation and Scheflen's and Kendon's approaches to communicative behavior, an attempt is made to show how it is that an arrangement of bodies has a “structure, ” in Merleau-Ponty's sense, from the viewpoint of ethnomethodologically oriented conversation analysis.

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Erratum

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 73
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.1_73

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 74-75
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.74

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[in Japanese]

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 76-77
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.76

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 77-79
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.77

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 79-81
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.79

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1992 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 81-83
Published: June 30, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.81

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