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Volume 48 (1997 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 390-
- Issue 3 Pages 300-
- Issue 2 Pages 130-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 48, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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the schooling effect on women's continuous full-time employmentSigeto TANAKA1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 130-142
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper discusses the effect of education on Japanese women's continuous full-time employment (CFE). Excluding women employed in family enterprises, we focus on the modern sexual division of labor-the division between occupational and domestic labor. First, we confirm with 1955-95 Japan census data that the number of full-time working women has been maintained, despite a substantial rise in their educational standards. Then we analyze personal histories of Japanese women collected through two nationwide surveys at 1985 and 1995.
It seems, upon the first examination, that university graduates tend to pursue CFE. But this correlation between education and CFE disappears when the teaching field is exempted. The correlation is only a conditional one, made up with the known fact that the teaching profession provides significantly greater opportunities for CFE to highly educated women. Since the number of teachers is independent of the number of university graduates, it is difficult to relate fluctuations in the CFE rate and the educational standards.
A logistic regression (excluding teachers) reports that women's education would have no significant effect on CFE, even if their husbands' occupational status and their own occupational status before marriage were kept constant.
The results reject theories of the schooling effect, such as the Sexist Education theory and the Human Capital theory. We conclude that school has no effect on CFE, and that changes in educational standards can hardly alter the sexual division of labor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1391K) -
Masayuki ITO1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 158-176
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is a critical assessment of conversion studies in sociology. First I clarify the objectives of the sociology of conversion in contrast with the psychology of conversion. Then I summarize various factors that previous studies use to explain the conversion phenomenon. Second, I examine the “passive actor” and the “active agency” approach to conversions. The passive actor approach tends to attribute individuals' conversions to their psychological traits and social situations, and to regard conversion as a passive and vulnerable state. The active agency approach tends to explain conversion by using concepts such as individual will, choice, and effort, and considers conversion as a search for meaning. I argue that these two approaches should be integrated in order to explore individuals' conversions, which are not only conditioned by their traits and social circumstances, but also are accomplished through their own efforts. Third, to integrate these seemingly contradictory but complementary perspectives, I explore the Lofland-Stark conversion process model. This model provides seven necessary and cumulatively sufficient conditions for becoming a convert. The seven conditions encompass not only social and psychological factors but also actors' own efforts to attain a meaningful life. Finally, I point out some important modifications that the Lofland-Stark model needs, and conclude that it would be a starting point in comprehensively exploring the conversion phenomenon in future research.View full abstractDownload PDF (2183K) -
Takeshi DEGUCHI1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 177-191
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter Escape Fromm Freedom was published we have neglected the potential of Erich Fromm's social-psychology as Critical Theory. This article aims at the reconstruction of his thought about modernity (Moderne). Marcuse and other Frankfurters criticized the ethical trend which his social theory assumes. But in Fromm's view criticizing the depressing structure of modernity and constructing the ethics of reason can never be separated. Why did he hold on the hope for reason ? In this paper we try to answer this question throwing light on the philosophical relationship between reason and nature in Fromm's thought which is rooted in Spinozism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1794K) -
Kayo HASAMOTO1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 192-206
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was not accidental that Herbert Spencer paid attention to the concept : “population”. Population was a crucial indicator that lead him to find that the industrial society inherited the problems arising from its theoretical bases : social contract. His concept of the “industrial type of society” was not an ideal society, neither was it a goal to which human societies should aim, but it reflected the very problems stated above. This was especially evident in his The Principles of Sociology and Man versus the State. This paper makes it clear through the cross examination of Émile Durkheim's criticism on Spencer. The idea of “population” implies not only a demographic quantity, but more importantly it implies the antinomy between the items : “individuality vs. the whole”, “nature vs. human being” and “organic theory of society vs. contract theory of society”. This paper clarifies that Herbert Spencer, for the first time, declared the importance of the former item within each of the above antinomy to sociology.
At the very dawn in the making of sociology, Herbert Spencer, through stressing the importance of population as well as of biological concept of species, has developed his unique view that a society should be considered as an organism itself. To him, this was not merely an analogy but the statement which should be taken exactly as such. The core of Spencer's organic theory of society was that a human society should be seen in the phase of species like animals and plants. The position of his study of biology to sociology lied in this. In this paper, his assertion is also verified through the examination of the cultural anthropological point of view in Lévi-Strauss.View full abstractDownload PDF (1831K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 208-213
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (682K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 214-217
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (385K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 218-219
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 219-221
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (371K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 222-224
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (338K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 224-225
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (214K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 225-227
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (331K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 227-229
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (338K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 229-230
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (206K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 231-232
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (222K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 233-234
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (200K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 235-236
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (220K) -
1997 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 237-296
Published: September 30, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (6613K)
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