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Volume 34 (1983 - 198･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 402-
- Issue 3 Pages 254-
- Issue 2 Pages 120-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 34, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Toyoji Tanaka1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 2-17
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith increasing bureaucratization, a formal, rationally organized Structure is emphasized the problematic syndorome, negative attainments, limitations or dysfunctions of bureaucratic organization. We must ask and search what methods are available to solve these shortcomings, dilemmas and stresses in such organization. So we examine the devices so-called flexibility organization, organic adaptive structure or floating activity system which would deal with the present conditions and particular environmental changes. Organizational variables are in a complex interrelationship with one another and with conditions in the environment. A contingency theory of organization suggests that all organizations must cope effectively with different environmental demands.
In this paper, we shall attempt to approach the problem in terms of the organizational reform. It is possible to understand the reforming process of public bureaucratic organization in a local administration. We have found some important relationships between external environmental variables and internal states. Here we discriminate among the various phases or levels of the changing process of progress. We indicate the findings and summarize the changing process through the following six phases of movement or development;
phase 1 : The organization discovers the need for help.
phase 2 : Change goals are identified and clarified.
phase 3 : Change efforts in the reality situation are attempted.
phase 4 : Change agents put a new status-role system into practice.
phase 5 : Change is generalized and established.
phase 6 : Different types of continuing plans are defined.
We shall analyze in more detail the implications of these findings in order to gain a clear perspective on current onganizational reform theory.View full abstractDownload PDF (2070K) -
Takeshi Mikami1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 18-35
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is a conventional trend in the study of utopia that treats the utopian mentality (das utopische Bewusstsein) simply as a escapist dream or negation. In this paper, however, we would pay special attention to the positive side of the utopia. What is to be shown is the significance or the meaning of the utopian mentality for the Träger (carriers, exponents) themselves, and how their utopia is related to their social standpoint.
Then in the first place, three principal factors of the utopian mentality are extracted from Mannheim's theory. They are (1) a history designed in a new way, (2) a sense of mission and (3) the function of group formation.
Secondly, the concept “group identity” is interpreted in two ways-one is the so-called group identity as the stable aggregate, and the other is the subjective “group-ego identity”. This group-ego identity has three constituent requisites as ego identity does, because it is derived from Erikson's “ego identity”, and besides these three requisites theoretically correspond to the three factors of the utopian mentality that were previously stated. In this way, it is pointed out that the utopian mentality is able to be analyzed as group-ego identity formation.
After these investigations, the concept “standpoint” (Standort) is examined, given a new definition to, and connected with group-ego identity formation. And through the dynamic agency of group-ego identity, we could finally show the relation between the utopian mentality and its Träger.View full abstractDownload PDF (2254K) -
Kimio Ito1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 36-53
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConsidering the “Träger” of social revolution in the modern world many writers have asserted the importance of “lineage between ideas and interests”. But they have never made clear enough the relationship within this lineage.
The purpose of this paper is to consider this problem- “Elective Affinity between ideas and interests” -á la Max Weber.
At first I will explain the structure of this affinity from the viewpoint that there is a difference between “wordview” and “everyday-knowledge”. In this explanation I will make use of two dicotomies - namely (1) “the struggle among Gods” vs. “the struggle for interests” and “theoretical rationalism” vs. “practical rationalism”. Then I will inquire the “apparatus” of the affinity through studying the Weber's works on the sociology of religion.View full abstractDownload PDF (2093K) -
Satoko Watanabe1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 54-65
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNoise, vibration and pollution caused by intensive automobile traffic not only lead to mental stress and physical suffering, but they also seem to change social life among street residents. This article analyzes the effect of traffic on social behavior and community sentiment of street residents. Major part of the data used in the study draws on interview which was taken with 400 housewives random-sampled from eight areas in Tsuchiura-city. The eight areas were chosen so as to represent different levels of traffic flow. Regression analysis was performed in order to see if there is significant correlation between traffic conditions and residents' social becavior and attitudes across these eight areas. Following are the variables used in the analysis. (1) Controlling variables ; Age, Income, Automobile-owning, and Automobileusage : (2) Traffic-conditions variables (to represent objective traffic condition and subjective evaluation of street environment by residents); Traffic-flow, Noise, Exhaust-gas, Vibration, Difficulty-in-crossing, and Difficulty-in-visiting : (3) Community variables (to represent residents' social behavior and attitudes); Outdoor-walking-hours, Neighboring, and Desire-to-settle.
The result of the analysis shows that traffic interferes with residents' street crossing and makes visiting and neighboring difficult. This means that due to the traffic the residents have become less likely to visit neighbors and extend social contact. Also heavy traffic reduces residents' outdoor-walking-hours considerably, indicating that they are spending more time indoors and in cars. The consequence of this would be decrease in chances for people to meet on streets and exchange casual conversation. Moreover intensive traffic minimizes residents' desire to settle in the area, which will most possibly lead to lowering of their identity and sentiment as a member of community. In sum, the data indicate that traffic has negative effect on neighborhood cohesion and community integration. Particularly in Japanese cities where streets have played a special role in formation of city culture, it constitutes a critical problem that traffic has deprived of residents social life on streets.View full abstractDownload PDF (1335K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 77-79
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (342K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 79-82
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (446K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 83-86
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (440K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 86-89
Published: June 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (391K)
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