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Volume 34 (1983 - 198･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 402-
- Issue 3 Pages 254-
- Issue 2 Pages 120-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 34, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Yuji Noguchi1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 402-420
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Participation” in the process of problem-solving has been considered a useful device for a community system to work smoothly. Several studies have examined cases where actual participation or movements to activate participation had taken place. They reported that there were types of participation, and that the types were related to participants' personal attributes, such as occupation and education, as well as their image about how a community system should work. However, most of these studies reffered only to the existing correlations between the types of participation and the personal attributes and images of community system. They never went further to indicate causal relations between variables. Consequently, they failed to predict the probability of an existing community system becoming a “participatory type.”
As a step toward providing a measurement of the probability of change, the present study starts with the construction of a model based primarily on the perspective of participants. The model assumes that “participation” is not the only device to solve community problems, and that people can also choose other kinds of actions which might be a far more efficient way of doing things.
The major purposes of this study are :
1. To present all types of problem-solving and to distinguish “participation” from other types
2. To construct a selection-process model
3. To explain the causal determinants of participation in each stage of the process
The ways of solving community problem can be classified into three types : self-help, mutual-help, and public-help. Research data indicate that these three types are associated with such variables as age, length of residence, ratio of white-collar workers, ratio of nuclear families and so on, and also suggest that the patterns of these associations differ among the stages of selection-process.View full abstractDownload PDF (2075K) -
Hiroo Fujita1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 421-436
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrban Sociology has a long history since it originated in the Chicago School. In analyzing the city social system, Urban Sociology has not taken into full account the connection between its own system and the overall social system (nation state). If this is the case, where has this prevailing character of Urban Sociology come from ?
From the point I have raised above, this paper attempts to explain the important problems of Urban Sociology. Above all, I question whether these characteristics of Urban Sociology have been caused by the actual form of the social systems of American cities, where there are peculiar features of American society. The existing local systems of American cities are characterized by decentralization of central authority and the autonomy of local government systems, which is symbolized by the >home rule< system.
At any rate, American cities have unusual autonomy as compared to cities in industrialized countries. Recently these autonomous cities, working independently from the central governmont, are changing. Nevertheless the fundanmental type of traditional American city life system has remained unchanged.
In conclusion I hope to emphasize the peculiar theoretical characteristics of Urban Sociology in relation to the overall social system (nation state) by analyzing the actual form of American city life system.View full abstractDownload PDF (2066K) -
The comparison of exchange theories between Aruga's and Lévi-StraussYasuyuki Sato1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 437-451
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn our society, the study of structuralism up to date has been focused on translating and introducing the idea. And while the structuralism has been epistemologically debated, it has not been empirically examined. I think, the future of structuralism shoud be found in creating new approaches of structuralism empirically. In this sense, two procedures will be important. One thing is to examine structuralism in empirical research. And the other thing is to reexamine classical works from structuralist s point of view and to find poslsibilities of structuralism.
The aim of this paper, as one of these procedures, is to understand the exchange theory of Aruga's in comparison with that of Levi-Strauss'. The findings are as follows :
(1) The total presentation theory of Aruga's is a method of comprehending the subjectivity of men through men's consciousness in phenomena' level.
(2) Aruga's 'shonoteki yui' is considered to be a exchange form of 'reciprocity'.
(3) Aruga's 'honkernakketeki yui' is considered to be a exchange form of 'redistribution' proposed by Karl Polanyi.
The exchange theory of Aruga's has been treated as a total presentation theory. But the form and logic of it has not been sufficiently debated. in this sense, this paper tries to reinterpret the exchange theory of Aruga's.View full abstractDownload PDF (1784K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 456-459
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 459-462
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 462-465
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 466-473
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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Reuben Hill1984 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 493-503
Published: March 31, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1164K)
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