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Volume 44 (1993 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 366-
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Volume 44, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 366-369
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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Kojiro Miyahara1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 370-383
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSociological works on ethnicity have paid much attention to concepts such as “ethnic group” and “ethnicity”. But, they have not thematized the meaning of the term “ethnic” in its own right. This paper renders the term “ethnic” problematic, and focuses on the complexity surrounding its usage both in everyday life and in academic research. It starts with an analysis of the meaning of the word “esunikku” (an alphabitical representation of the English word “ethnic” in Japanese) in everyday life. Noting that the everyday “esunikku” has meanings quite different from those of the academic, it examines closely general usages of the term in relevant sociological literature. In particular, it focuses on (1) the “neutrality” of the academic term in relation to its popular connotations and nuances (which often involve imageries of racial or cultural discrimination, on the one hand, and colorful images of bodily pleasures associated with ethnic food, fashion and music, on the other) and (2) the relationship between “race” and “ethnicity”. In addition, the meaning of the word “ethnic” in its popular use in the United States is examined. These analyses show that the academic concept of “ethnicity” is closely associated with the idea of “cultural pluralism”, but that both of these “clean words” have problems of their own. The paper concludes with some suggestions for sociologists to rethink about the problems of discrimination, cultural pluralism and the use of language in sociology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1664K) -
With Special Reference to'Culture Industries'in Japan and BritainKosaku Yoshino1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 384-399
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost studies of ethnicity and nationalism are limited in their scope in that they merely focus on the'production'of ethnic/national identities and symbols, while neglecting the aspect of'consumption'. This paper attempts to show, with reference to'culture industries'in Japan and Britain, that ethnicity and nationalism can be generated in the consumption process. Japan and Britain may usefully be contrasted with respect to the manners of expression of national distinctiveness. In Japan, national distinctiveness tends to be expressed in an abstract and holistic manner. The British approach is more likely to be objectifying and institutional. The culture industries in Japan and Britain -the nihonjinron and the heritage industry, respectively reflect these differences. The first half of the paper examines the way in which'cultural intermediaries'(esp. business elites) have reproduced and popularised the nihonjinron (thinking elites' ideas of cultural differences) in the form of cross-cultural manuals in such a way that consumers may apply such ideas to practical use in intercultural communication. Attention is given to the way in which mass consumption of cross-cultural manuals results in the promotion of cultural nationalism. The second half focuses on the'heritage industry' in Britain and suggests that national heritage and traditions can be 'invented'as part of the process of creating attractions for tourist consumption. It examines the process whereby the invention of heritage, closely associated with tourism, plays a role in enhancing ethnic and national sentiment. Particular attention is given, throughout the discussion, to'cultural intermediaries'as a new agent of ethnicity and nationalism in globalising consumer society.View full abstractDownload PDF (2009K) -
The Information Society and EthnicityMasami Sekine1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 400-415
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are numerous reasons for the recent racial and ethnic resurgence in almost all advanced industrialised countries. Amongst these, industrialisation, post-industrialisation, internationalisation and the advance of world-wide information and transportation networks are of significant contributors. Many scholars and researchers in the 1950 s and 1960 s assumed that these changes in societies would promote the homogenisation and convergence of societies and cultures in highly industrialised countries. However, they now tend to emphasise their opposite infulence on cultures, despite the modernisation effect and acculturation process as a result of the development of information technology.
It is true that post-industrialisation and internationalisation have transformed many countries into more culturally-tolerant societies. World-wide networks of information and transportation have brought together diverse cultures and culturally different people. Particularly, the progress of the mass and personal communication and information technology have produced the so-called “long-distance nationalists” within host societies. However, these phenomenon are likely to produce “national-populist” reactions and “new-racism” amongst the society of the advanced countries against other cultures. As a result, we will continue to face racial and ethnic problems well into the 21st century.View full abstractDownload PDF (1888K) -
Nation-state and Minority Groups in the Twentieth CenturyTakashi Machimura1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 416-429
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEthnic Media is a group of media which are created by racial and ethnic minorities seeking to establish their own channels for self-expression. In the twentieth century, both building of nation-state and international migration have contributed to emergence of minority groups inside of many countries, where enormous ethnic media have been produced. This article investigated historical trends of ethnic media in the United States by focusing on its three types : “immigrant media”; “minority media”; and “transborderer media.”
As the American society has become more diversified, the core of ethnic media has changed from immigrant media, which presupposes assimilation of ethnic groups to the mainstream culture, to minority media, whose goal is establishment of each racial and ethnic minority's autonomy. Recently, though, a new type of ethnic media, which we name transborderer media, has been created on the basis of transborder experience of people who are often detached from both a host society and a mother society. As a result, ethnic media become more diversified in their social functions and cultural impacts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1659K) -
Multiculturism and Advanced Information CultureKenichi Kawasaki1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 430-444
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Goal of this paper is to examine conditions that are able to support multiculturism by so -called informatization process. First, I refer to “what is informatization?” and some characteristics of advanced information culture, and I will point out both a new stratified mechansim and its cultural problems. Next, I try to investigate how informatization articulate with multiculturism, and analyze the following three examples- (1) an information education (2) ethinic media and (3) machine translation. Lastly, I examine whether the informatization process acutualize multiculturism.
It is concluded that informatization process provide ambivalent conditions-good or bad. But the informatization process holds many possiblities that develop multiculturism of courses. And I add to point out co-existancy among universalism, nationalism, and the quest of ethnic identity supported by the informatization process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1747K) -
Four Theses on Globalization and their Sociological ImplicationsYoko Ogawa1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 445-459
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper examines the discourse of globalization as a central issue in the recent sociological literature. Reviewing the global-local model offered by Anglo-American scholars, the paper considers implications for the Japanese sociological studies.
In that process, four different theses on globalization are proposed as follows :
1) Globalization redefines one of the main subjects of sociology, by rendering the global space as a basic unit of society.
2) Globalization is best understood in terms of the reorganization of time-space in social life.
3) Globalization is characterized by the multi-dimensional factors and the various social actors.
4) Globalization is a dialectical and uneven process, where the interplay of countersecting forces bring different effects to different parts of the world.
Through the careful examination of each thesis, it is concluded that the global-local model is not a theory which demonstrates the world unity. Rather, the model is best conceived as a new image of society, since it describes two different dynamics of globalization : the stretching and the deepening of social relations on the one hands, and the local responses dialectically related to the global interdependence on the other. For this double-edged character, the global-local model offers a new perspective to the studies of modernity, ethnicity, culture, and communications.View full abstractDownload PDF (1678K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 460-461
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 461-463
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (333K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 463-465
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (346K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 465-466
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (215K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 467-468
Published: March 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (244K)
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