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Volume 55 (2004 - 200･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 384-
- Issue 3 Pages 168-
- Issue 2 Pages 80-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 55, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Kazuo NAKAMURA, Yoshio KASHIDA2004 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 80-97
Published: October 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper aims to explicate analytically telephone-counseling interactions using the methods of conversation analysis, specifically the one method inspired by logicogrammatical analysis. The data is comprised of more than twenty telephonecounseling interviews that are mainly concerned with callers' seeking advice on health issues. First, the activity components of the interviews are identified. Those activities usually occur in a set order, having an a priori character. If things should occur in different orders, participants always invoke practices of recovery to restore the set order.
Second, the interviews are examined in terms of the way the category pair <adviser-advisee> is used. This pair is one example of what Sacks called a “membership categorization device (MCD).” In addition to the features Sacks has found with MCD, three distinctive features are found with the <adviser?advisee> pair. The pair, firstly, works to asymmetrically entitle the participants of the interview to claim knowledge about what is being discussed in the interview. Secondly, the participants' normative orientation to the device sometimes works to inhibit interactional troubles, and sometimes to engender them. Finally, in the latter cases, when interactional troubles do occur, the participant occupying the position of <adviser> attempts to limit that role to lessen his/her responsibility.
Third, the adviser explicitly referred to an MCD of <cancer patient-cancer patient>, which provides symmetrical entitlements to the both participants. Although this reference seemingly makes it difficult to provide advice, the adviser deals with this difficulty by establishing a category pair of <cancer patient who-has-recovered-cancer patient in-progress> through sequential organization. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the implications for actual telephone-counseling practices.View full abstractDownload PDF (1988K) -
A Focus on Gotong Royong, Mutual Aid and Night Watch by RT/RW, Urban Neighborhood Association in the New OrderKazuo KOBAYASHI2004 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 98-114
Published: October 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSuharto's New Order in Indonesia was built on the physical disorganization of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). Indonesian people experienced violence of a nation and fear of death by the disorganization.
The New Order invoked the tradition of gotong royong as a given “moral fact” under two logics, “development” and “stability, ” and made gotong royong as an expression to justify people's cooperation with the pro-development policy of the government.
The New Order employed the two policies at the same time in late 1970s and early 1980s. One made Pancaslia a national ideology, and the other released former political prisoners of PKI. The policies urged people to participate in the new surveillance system of the nation and in gotong royong to help each other by night watch at the neighborhood association RT/RW. And the surveillance and guard system Siskamling, including night watch by neighbors, institutionalized these different forms of participation, and the neighbors obeyed them.
Especially, the political tactics of the New Order reminded people their fear to violence and made PKI their imaginary enemy. Consequently, the problem of local order become a reality to the people.
For this reason, the adoption of Siskamling enhanced night watch. Therefore, night watch systemized a series of making decisions, giving directions, and actual practice, and it was done by the neighbors, who were mobilized by the Indonesian government during certain periods, such as the general election. But actually, the purpose of night watch was not crime deterrence, but a political display of power against social forces hostile to the New Order.
“Tradition, ” which is called gotong royong in Indonesia, was practiced and reproduced by Suharto's subtle political tactics and strategies in the New Order.View full abstractDownload PDF (1793K) -
Reconstructing Max Weber's Manuscripts of Economy and SocietyKatsuhiro MATSUI2004 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 115-128
Published: October 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this essay is to show an alternative perspective of Max Weber's rationalization theory. We use the concept of Einverständnis for clarifying the question implicit in the text : how is the rational social order “valid” ? The concept of Einverständnis hasn't been paid proper attention with consideration to rationalized modern society. But Weber said that Einverständnis was the base of a rational society in his manuscripts of Economy and Society.
We first set out to confirm the mechanism that the rational society involves Einverständnis beyond its purpose. We then explicate the multi-layered structure of communities. It contains the fundamental social groups, that is, households, neighborhoods, and kin groups, as well as ideas, that is, race, ethnic groups, and nationality. They are all incorporated in the higher-level communities, especially political communities, and used to affirm people's feelings of identity. Thus, for example, Einverständnis supports a rational nation-state. A rational social order is accepted as Einverständnis by the members and it is “valid” through their interaction.
So, we can grasp Weber's rationalization theory not only as a sequential development but also as the process of the invention of tradition. In the latter case, the rationalization process has made multi-layered communities which involved Einverständnis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1524K) -
Hiroki MIGITA2004 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 129-145
Published: October 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to reconsider the relationship between the emperor system and “women” through an analysis of women's views of the imperial family in modern Japan. This paper especially considers women's mentalities demonstrated in their great interests and yearnings for the imperial family as “stars, ” which appeared widely since the 1900s and the 1910s. Through researching these mentalities, this paper elucidates two points. Firstly, we try to argue that these mentalities changed the characteristics of the modern Japanese emperor system radically. Secondly, we seek to present the relationship between the emergence of the “popular emperor system” in modern Japan and Japanese modernization from the perspective of gender studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1942K) -
A Case Study of Muraoka-Cho, a Village in Hyogo PrefectureSatoshi FUKUDA2004 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 146-161
Published: October 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, the problem of forest preservation has often been the subject of debate. Internationally, the depletion of forest resources poses a problem, but in Japan, the maintenance of superfluous forest resources poses a problem. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process of the formation of forest management in modern Japan through a historical analysis of the village as a basic unit of forest management and administration holding up an afforestation policy.
Forest management has undergone a significant reform during modern Japan. Since the early modern Japan, the inhabitants of Muraoka-cho in Hyogo prefecture have utilized the communal forest for maintaining rural life. Afforestation was started during the second half of the Meiji era under historical conditions in which the interests of the forest administration corresponded with those of the residents, and this system of management formed the basis of the traditional maintenance of the communal forest.
The significance of this historical study is as follows : first, afforestation was carried out in order to solve the forest problem of a modern kind. However, problems were already inherent in the very idea of afforestation. Second, the modern forest management not only produced the problem, but the social organization indispensable to residents.View full abstractDownload PDF (2510K) -
[in Japanese]2004 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 162-163
Published: October 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (245K) -
[in Japanese]2004 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 164-165
Published: October 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (194K)
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