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Volume 49 (1998)
- Issue 4 Pages 488-
- Issue 3 Pages 350-
- Issue 2 Pages 172-
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Volume 49, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 488-497
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1212K) -
How the Dynamics of Local Politics Change Social Movement OrganizationsNaoto HIGUCHI, Hideo NAKAZAWA, Hiromitsu MIZUSAWA1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 498-512
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper we aim to examine organizational strategies of postwar Japanese resident's movements that experienced the peak of mobilization in the early 1970s. Though this kind of study is crucial to clarify characteristics of such newly emerging grassroots movements as NPOs and local referendums in the 90s, many researchers have neglected this historical context. The focus of analysis is placed on how the dynamics of local politics (especially governability of local conservative elites) influenced the organizational strategies of resident's movements through the change of incentive structures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1575K) -
An US-Japan Comparative StudyTazuko OHUCHI1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 513-530
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contemporary Japanese neighborhood associations, some of which have the names of JICHIKAI-meaning “self-governed body” -have become less autonomous in recent years. While most neighborhood associations in the United States are voluntary associations initiated by active participation of individual residents, Japanese neighborhood associations are controlled by the central and local administrative bureaucracies. Despite such a difference in organizational characters, they have some similarities : they both fulfil the function as the smallest unit of community to improve the quality of everyday life of their constituents.
This paper attempts to compare the samples of bylaws adopted by the neighborhood associations in Japan and the United States. The purpose is to learn the skills of management from the American counterpart.
As the results of this study, I found two different types of bylaws : The American neighborhood bylaws tend to be more communication-oriented giving a priority in detailing the process of decision and consensus-making, openness of management, and fairness in implementing a due process. The Japanese neighborhood bylaws were project-execution-oriented giving a priority to describing the contents and methods of the activities to be carried out by the neighborhood associations. I found that the Japanese sample bylaws dealt little with the general political skills such as those needed for reaching consensus, making decision and ensuring fairness in implementing a due process.
We can learn following points from the bylaws of the American neighborhood associations : 1) the definition and roles of “active members”; 2) emphasis on importance of communication between members and others ; 3) the system in which board members'obligations to the whole members are clearly defined ; and 4) minority opinions are accorded with fair opportunity to be heard and respected.View full abstractDownload PDF (1973K) -
A Case Study of Public Schools in the Korean Community in JapanHirohisa TAKENOSHITA1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 531-548
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper discusses the influence of multicultural education in Japan on the ethnic identity of minority students. Multicultural education in Japan is conducted only in public schools that have many foreign students. Therefore, this paper focuses on the following two points of view. First, it examines how minority students perceive themselves as ethnic minorities in schools where multicultural education is conducted. Second, it explains the impact that the shift into high schools without multicultural education has on minority students. I did my research on schools in the Korean community where multicultural education called “Human Rights Education” (HRE) is conducted. I interviewed 25 Korean students.
The following are the results of my research. First, Korean students have come to hold a positive image of themselves because of HRE. However, they have had difficulties in holding a positive image of themselves if no friends in these schools shared their ethnic identity. Furthermore, the fixed idealistic image of the Korean minority that is implicitly presupposed by HRE constrains some students who always use their Japanese names. Second, they are afraid that they are seen as quite outsiders by Japanese who live outside of the Korean community, and not recognized as offspring of Korean residents who have lived in Japan since the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945). Therefore, their ethnic identity is stigmatized, and they must often choose among different presentations of their ethnic identity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1882K) -
Yoshihide SAKURAI1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 549-567
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper examines the formation of the identity of labors migrating from rural areas to Bangkok megalopolis in Thailand and also analyses individual laboring and living process structuring their identity. Recent years have seen researches focusing on labor-management relations and the way of laborer's behavior in Japanese companies starting up activities in southeast Asia, However, there is little attention to laborer's life structure. Therefore most of them explain high ratio of job-hopping of laborers as those preferring evaluation by cash to working relationships in general, then this cultural oriented behavior disturbs technology transformation and skill formation in firms.
However, this view with the reference to cultural personality regulating labor's consciousness fails to account for the central problem as follows :
1) What kind of working and living conditions has generated this labor's attitude in a Japanese manufacturer Thailand ?
2) How Thai socioeconomic situation and Japanese firm organization has reproduced labor's life as well as Thai capitalist society ?
In conclusion, 1) labor's life tactics giving profit in a short period the highest priority for the reproduction of their family of orientation and/or procreation prefers hard labor and jobhopping in pursuit of good wages. 2) This labor's preference is reinforced by the absence of Japanese management system characterized by welfare facilities and prospects for career promotion which motivate labors to be skillful and work in a long time. 3) Japanese companies do not apply this management to labors in Thailand, because they can benefit from low cost of recruitment of superfluous labor force supplied from rural areas.
Added to these findings, detailed information on labor's consciousness and their life structure is given by this case study conducted in 1995 at K Pencil Co. Ltd. Thailand established at the export industrial estate since 1991.View full abstractDownload PDF (2189K) -
An application of Bourdieu's “champ” theoryKatsuya MINAMIDA1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 568-583
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper examines rock music, the dominant youth and music culture of the later twentieth century, as an object of social scientific inquiry, with a focus on the analysis of the relatedness of individual belief systems and social structure.
Rock has gone beyond its origins of being simply a style of music art, and has come to be supported as an expression of a certain spirit and life-style. In addition its essence has been variously defined such as that 'rock is rebel music', 'destructive art' or 'commercialized entertainment music'. In this paper we take up those views of its essence as an object of analysis, and consider the process whereby the rock product is created through the combination of a number of positions, each of which brings its own unique view of the essence of rock.
Pierre Bourdieu's champ theory is used in this paper (along with some personal interpretation) for a smooth theoretical exposition. By 'the “champ” of rock' we refer to the ideal typical space that is constructed by those who have a common interest in what is known as 'rock', and who continuously act to discriminate between 'what is rock' and 'what isn't rock', producing a piece of work every time. We emphasize an explanation of the social structure of the agents of the “champ” of rock, and of the dynamism that this gives rise to. Finally a general-purpose model will be constructed based on these considerations. This will aim to provide one perspective for a general and multi-faceted appreciation of the relatedness of society and music.View full abstractDownload PDF (1678K) -
A Mathematical Analysis by Game of Incomplete InformationKazuhiro KAGOYA1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 584-599
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn many cases, the refutation against rumor fails to stop its spreading. Instead, the “story” which explains the rumor is often made more imaginative by the refutation itself. It tends to be associated with conspiracy. In this study we tackle this problem mathematically by means of a game of incomplete information. We discuss about the elements that affect rumormongering and adopt three kinds of factors : uncertainty, mental tension, and credulity. And we define the rumor believer's payoff brought by transmitting rumor, considering about its two dimension, “preference” and “value”. Then we analize the mathematical model applying these three factors and two dimensions of believer's payoff. As the result of analysis, we have several conditions on which the refutation is effective. Most of them are trivial, but we get an interesting one. This condition is concerned not with the character of rumor itself or information for refutation, but with the value of the game between refuter and believer of rumor. It is that the believer's risk with communicating the rumor to others is higher while the rumor is false (the refutation is right). On the contrary, if the thematic importance of the rumor is higher while the rumor is true, people continue rumormongering. It explains the intimacy of rumor with conspiracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1610K) -
Kou KAWATA1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 600-619
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeople's world view changed radically in 17th century Japan. In this paper, I describe this vicissitude as the process of rapid secularization from a Buddhist view of the world in the Medieval to the new worldview which denied the religious concepts and attached greater importance to the values in the mundane world. In this process, the idea of “kokoro” (mind and heart) emerged with great importance in the various genres of popular stories. “Kokoro” can be interpreted as a representation of the instance of the will to moral values, which is strictly separated from individual properties and desires, yet still tries to control them. 'The popular morality' (Yoshio Yasumaru) was formulated through this process. And furthermore this morality introduced not only universalistic moral values but also more popular values, such as economic profit and the present social orders. In this moral ideology, a human being is constructed as a subjectivated existence which disciplins himself and controls his social environment of his own volition. 17th century was the period when secularized world view and modern human figure as such were created.View full abstractDownload PDF (2262K) -
Luhmann's perspective for the modern societal changesTohru TAKAHASHI1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 620-634
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this paper is to clarify the Niklas Luhmann's frame of analysis of the modern west-european societal change from the perspective for the changes of historical-cultural products and its conditions. Luhmann thinks that the main phase of the modern societal change is the transformation from stratified differentiation to functional differentiation of the societal system. His hypothesis is that the increase of the complexity was the main condition for the changes of historical-cultural products which control communications. This hypothesis is based on his own social system theory. The term “Semantik” implicates a critical connection with accumulated studies of Historical-semantics in Germany. This paper, considering this connection, tries to clarify the Luhmann's frame of analysis of the modern “Semantik” changes as a frame of historical sociology of knowledge.View full abstractDownload PDF (1630K) -
From Schutz's Arguments about “Motiv”Akihiro KITADA1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 635-650
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen do You darely “describe” other person's particuliar action in communication ? Although the statements as “You are bored.” “You must be enjoying this situation.” “You bit him.” …… seem to be cognitive behaviors that confirms the meaning of actions in question, at the same time, those statements can be seen as the ehtical commitments (speech acts) which refer to the rsponsibility of an actor for doing the action. Namely, it could be said that we “always-already” ascribe the particuliar action's responsibility in describing other's meaningful actions.
This paper intends to clarify the theoretical relation between the “description of an action” and “responsibility ascribing” from the theoretical-sociological viewpoint, which has dealt with the questions of the complicated connection lying in “the identification of an act” and meaningful “Verstehen” of an act.
At start, Schutz's theoretical argumentation which indicated the significance of telling “Umzu-Motiv” from “Weil-Motiv” at the occasion we theolize “Verstehen” of the action, will be forcused. After that, we will critically deal with Schutz's theory in the light of action theory in the contemporary analytical philosophy and sociological communication theory. Finally, refering to the theory of the morality which is elaborated by Luhmann, the sociological importance and relevance of “Moral” and “Responsibility-ascribing” in communiction will be clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (1781K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 651-656
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 657-661
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (587K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 662-663
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (210K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 663-665
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (348K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 665-667
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (341K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 667-669
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 670-671
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (259K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 672-673
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (207K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 673-675
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (330K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 675-677
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (330K) -
1998 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 678-728
Published: March 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (5412K)
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