Japanese Sociological Review

“Self-Fulfilling Prophecy” and Rationality

Thought Experiment by Boolean Analysis

Nobuo KANOMATA

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 156-170
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.156

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While many researchers claim that the phenomenon of self-fulfilling prophecy is a product of false definition of the situation, some argue that it is explained by the mechanism involving weak (subjective) rationality. Using Boolean analysis, this paper explores various mechanisms leading to the phenomenon.
The results of the analysis show that weak rationality itself is not sufficient to explain the phenomenon ; actor's believing the prophecy is also important. Revising R. K. Merton's exemplification, we can describe consistently the phenomenon as social dilemma under the condition that actors receive a prophecy threatening their interests.

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Comment la science d'œuvres est-elle possible ?

sur la théorie du champ de production culturelle par Pierre BOURDIEU

Tomoyuki SUZUKI

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 171-185
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.171

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Autour d'un concept de champ de production culturelle, P. Bourdieu a construit la science d'oeuvres qui nous présente une nouvelle perspective de la sociologie de l'art et de la littérature. Soulignant que le milieu social, où la production culturelle a lieu, est organisé comme un champ autonome pourvu de ses propres règles et d'une logique particulière, Bourdieu fait l' analyse du processus de la construction des œuvres culturelles comme un effet de la lutte en vue de la reconnaissance de la légitimité. C'est là une tentative de l'objectivation de la modernité culturelle, et ce point de vue est indispensable pour surmonter la limite que les approches lukacsienne et goldmannienne n' ont pas pu depasser. Mais on peut faire remarquer quelques difficult&eactues et défauts dans la méthodologie de Bourdieu. Il nous faudrait examiner critiquement ces problèmes et intégrer la théorie du champ dans un cadre plus synthétique.

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Duration and Change of Ethnic Dualism

Ethnic Stratification in 1970s Great Britain

Hideki TARUMOTO

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 186-199
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.186

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The scenario of “Convergent Development” brought by modernization was rejected in advanced societies. Then has an alternative of Neo-liberalism created economic dualism ? In this article the dualism of ethnic minorities in 1970 s Britain is investigated. Postwar Britain has had West Indians and Asians as its main minority groups. The relation between the British economy and immigrants' number, and the social mobilities of the minorities do not strictly prove the hypothesis of ethnic dualism strictly. However, West Indians seemed like “replacement workers” for White people, while on the other hand, Asians showed different social mobility from West Indians. Why did the difference occur ? Strata before immigration and ethnic networks in Britain made some differences in ability, motivation and resource between these two groups. In the end West Indians moved along with the change of the British labor market, while Asian males moved toward self-employed in the “construction, distribution, transport” sector and Asian females were employed by “ethnic enterprises” of their same origin. Further research into the relation between dualism and ethnic stratification after the 1980 s is needed.

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La socia sangigo en proprasubstantivaro

kasitaj funkcioj de cina ideogramaro en moderna japanio

Hidenori MASIKO

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 200-215
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.200

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Ortografia prononco, kiu eatas prononcaro sangita pro ortografioj, estas universala fenomeno. Sed la ortografia prononco en moderna japanio havas propran karakteron, kiu nek estas en alfabeta socio, nek estis en cina-ideograma socio tradicie. Cina ideogramaro en moderna japanio kovras proprasubstantivaron kaj faras novajn prononcojn, kiuj forlasas tiujn tradiciajn prononcojn. Tio diferencas de la ortografia prononco en alfabeta socio determine pri premo al tradiciaj prononcoj ; tio esktermas ciujn memorojn de tradiciaj proprasubstantivoj, kaj kredigas, kiel se de antikveco la novaj prononcoj kontinuus, nova teritorio estus lapropra tero, kaj novaj logantoj logus en la teritorio. Oni prenas la idioman proprasubstantivaron vulgare au anakronisme, kaj propran logantaron malaperante aumalaperinte.
Cina ideogramaro en moderna japanio sangis proprasubstantivaron, fine sangis preskau tute la lingvakulturojn de minoritatoj. La sango de proprasubstantivaro antauvenis la tutan sangon de lingvakulturoj de minoritatoj. Konkrete en moderna japanio, ainaro (Ainu), rekiaro (Ryuukyuu-zin), europa au pacifika aborigenaro (Zairai Ogasawara toomin), kaj korea enmigrintaro (zainiti korian), k.t.p. devisasimiligi al norma kaj homogena japanakulturo preskau tute ; en ne nur proprasubstantiva kulturo, sed preskau tuta lingvakulturo. Ju pli juna generacio, des pligrande asimila premo al ciutaga lingvakulturo ; geava generacio senesperigis, gepatra senkuragigis, kaj ida kutimis plenumi japanan=superregan lingvakulturon. Komence proprasubstantivaro asimilita per cina ideogramaro estis kamufla aparato por eviti diskriminaciojn, malestimojn, kaj atakojn de plimulta japanaro. Sed poste, kamufla maskaro sangigis al vera vizagaro ; juna generacio farigis japan parolantaro (Nihongo-zin).
Cina ideogramaro en moderna japanio estis/estas asimila aparato de minoritaro en japanateritorio, kaj ideograma nomaro de logantaro kaj terenaro estis/estas legitimilo de tiu japaneco. (Esperanta resumo tradukita el japana resumo)
esenca vortoj : idioma lingvakulturo, ortografia prononco, japana cinaideogramaro

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New Styles of Funerals and Cemeteries in Contemporary Japan

Yukiko MATSUMOTO

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 216-230
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.216

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“Ie-no-Haka”, family cemeteries and ancestor worship in modern Japan, were dependent on continuation of succession of “Ie” (Japanese family system), and were the cores of the demand for eternal continuation of the family line. After the W.W. II and high economic growth period, as Japanese family system changed, such obligatory ancestor worship became more informal and more attached to affective feelings toward their deceased close families.
Among civil movements demanding new styles of funerals and cemeteries, such as scattering or collective cemetery in the 1990 s, we pick up two typical cases of such movements. “Moyai-no-kai” and “Soso-no-jiyu-wo-susumeru-kai”. These movements suggest two new directions in order to solve the structural problems lying in the “Ie-no-Haka” system in modern Japan. The former arose to deal with the problem that the succession of “Ie-no-Haka” became difficult today, and the latter arose to deal with the problem that many people can't have their own “Ie-no-Haka”. In these movements, people come to find that funerals and cemeteries should be arranged by their own decision not by their families.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 231-239
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.231

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 240-243
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.240

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 244-245
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.244

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 245-247
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.245

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 247-249
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.247

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 249-250
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.249

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 251-252
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.251

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[title in Japanese]

1996 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 253-316
Published: September 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.47.253

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