Japanese Sociological Review
Online ISSN : 1884-2755
Print ISSN : 0021-5414
ISSN-L : 0021-5414
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Volume 60, Issue 3
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Special Issue
  • Introduction
    Kenichi KAWASAKI, Hideki TARUMOTO
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 326-329
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.326
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Multiple Second Modernities under Glocalization
    Individual, Intermediate Group, and the State
    Kiyomitsu YUI
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 330-347
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.330
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The aim of this paper is to consider the analytical framework and basic premises while exploring the situation of multiple second modernities under glocalization, and deals with Japan as a case study. In doing so, the paper sets up as its subject the different patterns of relationships between the individual, intermediate groups, and the state in each locality and pursues the transformation of these patterns in contemporary society. As an implication, it concomitantly explores the relationship between globalization and sociological theory.
    The structural tensions inherent in modern society between traditional and contractual elements are periodically expressed in the institutional patterns of the relationships between the individual, intermediate groups, and the state in each area. As part of its basic analytical frame, this paper considers the similarities and differences between the theory of glocalization and that of multiple modernities in order to articulate the two approaches; further, this paper tries to form a typology of the "West," "U.S.A." and "Japan" in terms of their relational patterns with respect to the three factors mentioned above. In the age of multiple second modernities, relational patterns are expressed as configurations of individuality (and not the individual), intermediate networks (not intermediate groups) and transforming states (and not just states). To observe the distinctness of each locality in all its plurality, we need to consider not only the institutional structure of the three factors but also the more fundamental logic behind all collective/individual formations in each society in question.
    In considering these issues, our paper focuses on the case of Japan, in order to analyze contemporary Japan as one of states that exhibits multiple second modernities under the glocalization process. Our findings are based on our observations of Japan's historical and cultural distinctness.
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  • Nation-State and Immigrant Integration
    A Move toward Nation-State Reconfiguration in Western Developed Countries
    Shigeki SATO
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 348-363
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.348
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Since the 1990s, the immigrant integration policies in Western developed countries have undergone significant changes. At first glance, this change seems to have taken place in contradiction to the general trend of "globalization" witnessed during this age, since most Western countries retreated from "denizenship" and "multiculturalism," which were salient features of their immigration policies in the 1970s and 80s, and came to place greater emphasis on the notion of "integration". This article discusses this change, locating it in the broader historical interrelationship between the rise of nation-states and the expansion of global migration since the 19th century and showing that nation-states have been formed, reformed, and globally disseminated in tandem with the global transformation of the last two centuries. By including and excluding immigrants, nation-states have constituted their own "national" institutions and self-understandings. The on-going policy shift toward "civic integration" in Western developed countries, this article argues, is an uncertain move toward a new phase in nation-state reconfiguration: by redefining the existing concepts of their "nations," most Western nation-states are now seeking to incorporate and integrate postwar immigrants and their descendents with "different" ethno-cultural backgrounds under the rubric of "civic" values. Finally, the article briefly examines the implications for the Japanese immigrant policy.
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  • New Dimensions of Globalization of Reproductive Labor
    The Implications of "Skill" in the Philippine Context
    Chiho OGAYA
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 364-378
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.364
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Transnational migration has been recognized as one of the barometers to observe the unevenness or strains within the globalization process of "Time-Space Compression". Transnational movement of the people challenges the borders of "Nation States," as well as reconstitutes them. In Asia, the feminization of migration illustrates the multiple dimensions or plurality of globalization; it also bears witness to the reconfigurations of the borders of states, markets, and households as well as that of their gendered dimensions. After the development of analytical frameworks such as "The international division of reproductive labor" and "Care-chains," the emergence of "Global circuits" (Sassen 2002) has been able to channel much of the burden of women migrants through the transnational migration process; the process even includes discourses on "skills" for reproductive work.
    This article will explore the complex figures in relation to the current globalization scenario, viewing the issue from the perspective of the international division of reproductive labor.
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  • Cultural Resources for City Development
    Regional Cultural Policy as an Antithesis of Cultural Globalization
    Kuniyuki TOMOOKA
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 379-395
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.379
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In the midst of the ongoing cultural globalization, many rural areas in Japan are poorly equipped to enjoy cultural activities. Cultural sociology has worked on political issues that have had ramifications on the popular or ethnic culture, but not on issues related to institutions that support cultural activities. On the other hand, the regional development movement that uses cultural resources has attracted attention in its practice of regional construction. Some cities obtain cultural resources from all over the world; they attract the people who form the creative class, and are thus in a position to target further cultural development. Other areas, however, are not always able to do that. This paper focuses on the issues of local diversity and endemism to discuss this situation.
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  • Changing Dietary Cultures and Other Impacts of Globalizations in East Asia
    Some Research Findings of AsiaBarometer Survey
    Shigeto SONODA
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 396-414
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.396
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A lot of books on globalization have been published, but few of them have touched upon the subject of changing dietary cultures in East Asia. The processes of globalization and localization of some particular foods have been studied historically, but few researchers have conducted extensive surveys on the changing culinary preferences of the East Asian people.
    This paper addresses this issue. It is based on the analysis of data compiled by the AsiaBarometer surveys of 2006 and 2007; these surveys had contained questions on how different types of foods are favored in 14 countries/regions across East Asia. Data analysis also revealed the fact that D. Held's three perspectives on globalization——the globalist perspective, the traditionalist perspective, and the transformationalist perspective——are all supported by different pieces of empirical evidence, which suggests that the impact of globalization on local dietary cultures has been diverse, and that the nature of such impact depends on the historical development processes in a region or within a culture.
    Exposure to globalization will in general promote omnivorousness in East Asia, but some countries like South Korea have shown no correlation between their exposure to globalization and their attitude toward foreign foods. It is quite dangerous, therefore, to discuss "globalization of dietary cultures" as a universal phenomenon after only a cursory sampling of the trends prevalent in a few parts of East Asia.
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Articles
  • Representation of Industrial Heritage and the Transformation of Local Communities
    Case Study of Gunkanjima
    Shisei KIMURA
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 415-432
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.415
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this paper is to examine how the representation of industrial modernization changed after the appearance of the concept of "industrial heritage," and to clarify its meaning for local communities.
    At present, local communities are at a crucial juncture facing de-population and financial deficit issues due to globalization and neo-liberalism. Particularly periled are former coal-mining areas that failed to attract enterprises and to develop tourism. Industrial heritage is expected to be a local resource for new development in such areas. In order to clarify how local people represent industrial heritage in such a harsh situation, this paper analyzes the logic and practice of local people when interpreting the concept of industrial heritage and representing it based on their own experience and memories.
    The concept of industrial heritage involves promoting the participation of local people in the representation process of industrial modernization. However, in the meantime, this representation inevitably leads to people evaluating industrial modernization including those issues that are politically sensitive. This situation results in local activities utilizing industrial heritage for the revitalization of the local community, which is in a very insecure position.
    Through representation analyses, participant observations, and interviews with related persons, this paper compares the representation of museum exhibitions and the representation of tour guides in former coal-mining areas. In doing so, it examines how the representation of industrial modernization is changing. Moreover, this paper also suggests that the so-called "strategic" nationalism along with various potential meanings arising from the material presence of factories and apartments can help overcome the abovementioned insecure local meaning of industrial modernization.
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  • Social Integration in Post-Multiculturalism
    An Analysis of Social Integration Policy in Postwar Britain
    Satoshi ADACHI
    2009 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 433-448
    Published: December 31, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.60.433
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Globalization has accelerated the flux of immigrants and increased the number of ethnic minorities and the degree of cultural diversity. On the one hand, immigrants and ethnic minorities have a positive effect, both socially and economically, on the host society. On the other hand, the rise of cultural diversity led by them has resulted in ontological insecurity among the majority. Multiculturalism has conventionally perceived the issue of diversity as positive. However, Multiculturalism has been criticized recently because the recognition of cultural diversity does not create common ground among different groups, but instead, intensifies social tension. A new philosophy and policy is required to address the issues of social unity and cultural diversity.
    The appeasement between social unity and cultural diversity requires two-way processes. The first is to reduce cultural diversity and promote a sense of common "belonging," and the second is to enable people to adapt to diversity and increase the feeling of "security" toward diversity. These two processes, however, are politically opposed. How can they be compatible? This paper works on this question by exploring the social integration policy in Britain. I divide Britain's social integration policy into three stages on the basis of the relationship between belonging and security: after WWII till 1979, Thatcher and Major's Conservative Government (1979-97), and Blair's new Labour Government (1997-). The appeasement of belonging and security has been achieved by the three political barters between anti-immigration laws and racial relation laws in the first stage, by the division between national assimilation policy and local multiculturalism policy in the second stage, and by citizenship policy and Britishness as a liberal form of national identity in the third stage. This paper focuses on the social integration policy and philosophy of the new Labour Government because it proposes a postmulticulturalism discourse for social integration.
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