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Volume 45 (1994 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 400-
- Issue 3 Pages 316-
- Issue 2 Pages 158-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 45, Issue 1
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Naoki SUDO1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 2-15
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: January 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is generally said that institution and freedom are incompatible. Because we think that institution restricts actor's freedom. But, how does institution restrict actor's freedom ? In this essay, I would like to examine Giddens' social theory and to give an answer to this question. Institution does not deny actor's freedom. Institution constitutes a situation in which an actor will choice his/her action, but cannot decide itself. On the contrary, institution is made and found by free actors. In other words, “to be in an institution” and “to bd free” are two aspects of one event, which is constituted by action. So, institution itself is not unchangeable and imperative. We only regard it as unchangeable and imperative.View full abstractDownload PDF (1847K) -
Deinstitutionalization of State Mental Hopitals in the U.S.Akihiro SUGINO1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 16-30
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the field of welfare and health services for the aged and the disabled, a policy shift from institution-based services to community-based services has gradually introduced in Japan since the early 1980s. At the beginning of the 1980s, this policy shift tended to be seen as an outcome of “disability rights movement” in the 1970s. However, it is hard to remain as true in the 1990s. Now, it seems to be necessary to examine why and how the policy shift occurred.
In the U.S., critical studies of the policy shift, deinstitutionalization, have already been made since the end of the 1970s. Based on these studies, the paper aims at clarifying the process of the policy change in mental health service provision in the U.S. The change can be attributed mainly to three factors : the professional interests of psychiatrists the ideas of anti-institution ; and financial incentives.
Whether deinstitutionalization can be explained by ideological or financial factors is related to the question whether it is the liberation or the control of the mentally ill. In that sense, the deinstitutionalization process should be analyzed in the broad context of traditional debate on the role of the Welfare State.View full abstractDownload PDF (1831K) -
Évolution sociale morphologique et Theacute;orie du changement social effervescent.Sei UMEZAWA1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 31-46
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDans ce mémoire on a éudié en particulier les deux théories du changement social chez Émile Durkheim et fait la comparaison entre les deux : ce que j'appelle Évolution sociale morphologique et Théorie du changement social effervescent.
Le premiére, appellé<<Évolution sociale morphologique>>, qui fait partie de la premiére periode de la sociologie durkheimienne, se cristallise danse ce schéma hien connu : <<de la solidarité mécanique a la solidarité organique>>qui a été argumenté dans son premier livreDe la division do travail social (1893). Selon cette théorie le moteur du changement social est<< le substrat social>>, et l'évolution sociale qui est conduite par le changement du substrat est consider%eacute;e comme nécessaire et naturelle. Ici non seulement la conscience individuelle mais aussi la conscience collective sont contraintes par la situation du substrat.
La deusiéme, appelée<<Théorie du changement social effervescent>>a été developpée dans la derniére période. Ici Durkheim, en appliquant á la théorie du changement social le concept <<effervescence collective>>qui vient de ses recherches religieuses (argumenté surtout dansson dernier liverLes formes élémentaires de la vie religiease, 1912), lance l'idée que les activités effervescentes des gens créent de nouveaux idéaux et que ces idéaux changent la société. On peut dire que les deux théories semblent trés contrastantes. Mais elles ne sont pas nécessairement incompatibles. Parce qu'il est possible de situer ces deux comme des théories du changement social dans le domaine infrastructurel et suprastructurel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1878K) -
The Methodological Meaning of its TransfigurationTetsuo KONDOW1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 47-60
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is a part of work to formulate the Foucault's empirical method which enable us to think of social phenomena and our experiences in other way. We would like to make clear the methodological meaning of Foucault's change betweenLa volonté de savoir (1976) andL'usage des plaisirs, Le souci de sal (1984) in this paper. We would examine this change from three aspects, that is, alteration of power model, diminution of analytical level from two to one, and installation of 'ethics'. Then we would clarify the fundamental perspective of Foucault' s historical ontology in his last years.View full abstractDownload PDF (1747K) -
Miyuki ENARI1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 61-76
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe theoretical framework of this paper is “citizenship” which means the equal status of members of a nation-state as well as the rights and duties attached to that status. Due to the considerable influx and settlement of immigrants into Western countries, protection of citizenship rights has become an issue not only for citizens but also for foreigners residing in the immigrated country. Citizenship includes three elements, that is, civil rights, political rights and social rights. Among these, social rights have increased in importance. T.H. Marshall points out, however, the disparity between the proclaimed equality of citizenship and the existing inequality of social classes.
In the United States, qualification for social rights is open to non-citizens, while suffrage is limited to citizens. Yet Mexican immigrants have been treated as outsiders through both the U.S. border control and labor policies. Mexican immigrants have been placed at the bottom of the American social stratum as low wage labor and have experienced harsh social inequality. This reflects the Anglo-centered national formation and the history of discrimination toward non-white people. They are not only stigmatized as a burden of welfare, discriminated as an ethnic minority, but also suspected as illegal immigrants.
The American society is faced with a dilemma : On the one hand, immigrants are constantly allowed to come and enjoy more citizenship rights. On the other hand, the exclusiveness based on the nation-state model is still obvious in policies and public opinions. Also, the unequal class relations in accord with ethnicity has been maintained among immigrants, not to mention citizens. To protect equal rights of immigrants, we need to seek a new concept of citizenship and a social movement beyond the nation-state.View full abstractDownload PDF (1923K) -
From the standpoint of “proving self-worth”Takashi OKUMURA1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 77-93
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Consideration” and “backbiting”-these are common activities in everyday life. When we think of them as arts to elaborate society togeher with others, we can understand why they have to be done and how they are interrelated. This essay aims to illustrate this from the standpoint of “proving self-worth”.
As E. Goffman said, only others can show deference to us. We have to make society, because deference or appreciation from others is essential to our “self-worth” feelings. But others also need “self-worth”, so we often come into conflict as to the definitions of situations which support each ones' identity. Others are “subjects”, who cannot be controlled by us, as R.D. Laing's analysis suggested. Therefore, society can be discribed as <configuration of appreciation and conflict>.
Facing riskfulness or scarcity of “self-worth”, we invent an art to deal with this difficulty : “consideration”. We consider others beforehand lest any conflict happen, even if differences exist between others and us. This art reduces other-subjects' uncontrollability and makes “proving self-worth” quite safe.
However, appreciation, easy to be given, becomes worthless and worthless. The problem about truthfulness or “inflation of self-worth” takes place here. To “backbite” ensure that our standard of appreciation is high enough on one hand. On the other hand, the region of “backbiting” is, and must be, separated from that of “consideration”, otherwise its safety might be destroyed. Society regulated with consideration is, by all means, <configuration of consideration and backbiting>.
To form society with others means to invent arts to manage the uncontrollability of other-subjects. This essay discribes two types of social formation. There will be various types of solution of this problem and elaboration of society. And those types will have respective difficulties, as we see from these two types.View full abstractDownload PDF (1972K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 94-99
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (840K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 100-106
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (876K) -
[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 107-108
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 108-110
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 110-112
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 112-114
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 114-116
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 116-117
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 117-119
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 119-121
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 121-124
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: January 27, 2010
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 124-125
Published: June 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (296K)
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