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Volume 40 (1989 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 360-
- Issue 3 Pages 252-
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Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 118-120
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
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Toshiyuki Masamura1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 121-136,249
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, society as “self-organization system” has aroused much interest among wider circles of social scientists. The increasing attention to the term, “self-organization” reflects the fact that contemporary society itself has became a very “self-organizing” system.
This paper attempts to analyze the “self-organization” of contemporary society in terms of a theory of communication theory. Based on critical examination of traditional theory of communication, the paper propose a typology of communication which focuses on different ways in which the meaning of the message is constructed. Our typology of communication suggests that “self-organization” can be achieved not only through reflexive communication, but also through what we call “elementary” communication. The characteristics of “elementary” communication are explained in detail, and its importance in the “self-organization” of contemporary society is emphasised.View full abstractDownload PDF (1710K) -
Horizon of Communicative ActionTakatoshi Imada1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 137-151,249
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt present, a civilization scale of change is occuring in advanced industrial society. Having realized 'Affluent Society, ' we are now confronted with such fluctuations that are not managed by the conceptions of structure and function. It's cause lies in the fact that a mechanism of meaning has began to be independent of and attack them.
Necessity now is to construct a social theory which positions the concept of meaning as a key word. For this, I think, it is necessary to deconstruct the conventional functionalist reason and theorize, based on this, the mechanism of meaning and communication. In this paper, I try to approach this theme, refering to Habermas's theory of communicative action, from a viewpoint of self-organization theory, and explore a frontier of post-modern social theory.
My main claim is following : the necessary conditions that civilization of meaning rises are to part from nostalgia for consensus formation and social integration, to breed a spirit of enduring with differences, and to institutionalize the system of meaning formation through editting social differences.View full abstractDownload PDF (1655K) -
Yoshihisa Tanaka1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 152-165,248
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom my point of view, “society” may be described as a structure of the multi-layered social relations caused by the mutualization of individual person's social actions. In substance, it consists of the following three layers : communion, community and communication.
Social relations acquire autonomy regarding a subject of means and the substance of normative values. Verdinglichung and Versachlichung are contained in this autonomy.
Social relations, formed by the interaction of human activities, produce Verdinglichung I in “economic” social relations, Versachlichung II in “political” social relations and Verdinglichung III of human relations and a character of consciousness in “cultural” social relations.
Furthermore, such an autonomy--the separation of the subject of social actions from social rerations--destroys the organic integrity of Sinn which consists of “sense”, “significance” and “meaning”.
So, contemporary sociological theory on communicative action and “cultural” social relation must be persuasive in its analysis of the reconstruction of Sinn amongst of this “informative” modern societies. In my view, it should be founded by a theorizing from the “Gestalt” between “external” nature--environmental world--and “internal” nature-human nature itself in individual personality--.View full abstractDownload PDF (1520K) -
Masaru Miyano1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 166-179,248
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe tried to explain the variation of the turnout rates in Japanese Lower House Elections from 1976 to 1983 among all 130 districts. Although we examined different levels of alternative explanations, we selected a model of individual choice as our basic one. The reason for this selection is that voting decisions are made only by individuals and factors of other levels can be treated as influence in individual decision making process.
From the viewpoint of our “choice model” we are especially interested in the mechanism which determines the subjective probability for a vote to influence election outcome. We found two promising explanatory variables : “relative weight of one vote” and “competitiveness” (closeness) in each district. Since the former one is more problematic, we focused our attention on it. Our hypothesis is that the less the relative weight of one vote is, the more individuals feel powerless or meaningless and stop voting.
Our data showed high positive correlation in the direction of our prospect. However, to make the empirical verification of our deductive inference, we need more prudent analysis. Thus, we introduced four possible explanations which could cause spurious correlation between “relative weight of a vote” and voting turnout rate. They are urbanity, youth rate, population mobility, and industrial structure. Through multiple regression analysis we controlled these possible factors and tested our hypothesis.
This statistical estimation showed that our hypothesis deduced from our “choice model” are supported. Even though we controlled four possible explanations in a single model, the relative weight of one vote was still highly significant. Moreover, the competitiveness, our second variable, was also significant in the same model. Thus, we conclude that the “choice model” seems promising for explaining Japanese electoral outcomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1332K) -
--On speech-act theory--Yukio Ishii1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 180-193,247
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper attempts to settle certain “limit” of speech-act theory, and there, to search for what it suggests paradoxically language should be.
Speech-act theory was founded by Austin, J.L., who had an intuition that language includes FORCE as an excess of MEANING of a sentence (1). From this intuition, he had obtained a recognition of FORCE as the discrepancy between language and intention, which is consist of MEANING. But, when we want to construct a consistent and general <theory> about FORCE, this recognition must be suppressed because of the meta-level necessity that one, as “speaking-subject (suject-parlant)”, can never describe anything over his intention (i.e. MEANING) (2). Searle, J.'s “principle of expressibility” is the very expression of this necessity, and in this sense, it is “the” principle which starts a consistent and general speechact <theory> (3). It, as axiom, holds the transcendental authority, that cannot be threatened by any factual impossibility (4).However, the principle has enormous intension, which is contrary to itself about “the other” and “sign”. This proves that language essentially functions at the territory of pure FORCE as “the outside” of the intention of “speaking-subject” (5). And from here, this paper will reveal finally that FORCE is the characters of language, that is, its dependence on “the others”, its ex post facto constitution, and its provisionality (6).View full abstractDownload PDF (1722K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 194-195
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (184K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 196-197
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (209K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 198-199
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (207K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 199-201
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (271K) -
1989 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 246
Published: September 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4811K)
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