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Volume 50 (1999 - 200･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 434-
- Issue 3 Pages 278-
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Volume 50, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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from the standpoint of social theoryShigeo MORI1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 278-296
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, we examine “the human” or “the person” from the standpoint of post-structural or déconstructive orientation. However, this does not mean that this paper concerns higherorder theory level, but does the historicity of “the human”.
We anchor the concept of modernity, and examine the socio-historical context of the emergence of “the human”, through the socio-historical and socio-economical social theory, especially Marx, Durkheim, Elias, Arendt, Otsuka, Nisbet and so on.
In this sociological examination, our concern centers on the “transitional phase” in the Western European history, when rural manufacture was confronted with the absolutist merchant capital and the former overcame the latter through the “bourgeois revolution”.
“The Human” emerged from this phase and was positively and institutionally established in this century.
This paper outlines and examines these processes and suggests some crucial problems that “we are the human”.View full abstractDownload PDF (1997K) -
Fundamental change in the consturuction of genetical theoryMitsuru KAGEI1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 297-312
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Durkheim's sociological theory, we can see a remarkable imbalance between theoretical significance of “association” and “densité dynamique” and the degree of substantially sociological clarifications of these two terms. They occupy, on the one hand, so much important position. In De la division du travail social, “densité dynamique” is grasped undividedly with “densité matérielle” which is regarded as its direct manifestation. But, in Les régles de la méthode sociologique, it is defined as genetical dynamics in “association”, and placed at the main motrice of genesis and change of society as a whole. On the other hand, concrete reality of “association” and “densité dynamique” is far from substantially sociological clarifications. This paper, with a view to get a substantially sociological understanding of these two terms, will examine the result of the contents of genetical theory of natural scientific character and participation of his selective concern, and then point out that the main cause of this result consisted ultimately in his non-empirical, so non-positivistic grasp of human consciousness
At last, with his own fully different grasp of human consciousness as a turning point, we will fundamentally change the contents of genetical theory to that in moral sociology, and then, present new theoretical problem.View full abstractDownload PDF (1894K) -
Takashi YASUDA1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 313-329
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDieser Aufsatz versucht Luhmanns Ansicht über Hochschulen aus seinen vereinzelt veröffentlichteten Schriften zu rekonstruieren. Er behauptet, daß die seit Ende der 1960er Jahre in den bundesdeutschen Universitäten fortschreitende Demokratisierung ihnen Gruppenpolitisierung und Bürokratisierung gebracht habe. Die Gruppenpolitik steuerte nicht nur das Gruppenverhalten, sondern individuelle Handlungen in Hinsicht auf das Gruppeninteresse und führte die Universitäten temporär nach funktionaler Entdifferenzierung. Mit der Zeit aber hat die Bürokratie, mit Hilfe der Autonomie von Lehre und Forschung, der relativ größeren Organisierbarkeit der Lehre und der Zunahme der Studentenzahlen darauf reagiert und sie schließlich vereinnahmt. Es gibt jedoch noch, Umweltprobleme 'außer dem Anstieg der Studentenzahlen : die Funktionsstörung der Prestigemultiplikation von Lehre und Forschung, die De-institutionalisierung der Lebensläufe und die abnehmende Verwendungsfähigkeit von Bildung in Interaktionen. Angesichts dieser Probleme schlägt Luhmann vor, Forschung zu dem Beobachten der Beobachtungen funktionell und in Lehre, harte 'und, weiche' Studiengänge systemisch zu differenzieren. Diesem Vorschlag liegt die ihm eigentümliche funktionalistische Geschichtsauffassung zugrunde. In der oben skizzierten Ansicht Luhmanns über Hochschulen ist charakteristisch, daß die Demokratisierung der Universität als eine Fördererin von Bürokratisierung auftritt und positive Möglichkeiten in der funktionalen Differenzierung von Forschung und Lehre zeigt.View full abstractDownload PDF (1857K) -
Criticisms of Motherhood Ideology Incorporated into Medical CareMiyoko ENOMOTO1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 330-345
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper argues that nowadays, bodies are powerfully regulated and at the same time they are the topos of resistance. In order that public power (the state, medical assistance) can intervene into the private sphere of feeling, the presence of a “standard of health” stemming from an anonymous knowledge is necessary. But this intervention of power paradoxically includes the stimuli of resistance. It is important and effective that the discussion about bodies be carried in a concrete manner, showing what in reality is “the problem”. This is why the present paper focuses on the Maternal and Child Health Law (bosi-hoken ho) issued in 1965. This law defined all women's bodies as “motherhood” (bosei), placing them under the control of the state and making them the object of a lifelong intervention of medical supervision. The Maternal and Child Health Law makes skillful use of the criticisms of motherhood ideology, effectively turning them into means of strengthening the very motherhood ideology that lies at its core. The criticisms thus used are those “seeking the essence of motherhood” and those “sustaining the minimal motherhood”. Consequently, “motherhood as a developed attitude” criticism as well as “the replacing of motherhood (by other concepts)” criticism are also used to induce the intervention of state and medical control into women's lives. A powerful means of legitimating this intervention is the propaganda of “risk of The Fewer Children (decrease in the number of children, Shoshika)”. Medical intervention is fully legitimized by the need to support “the decreasing ability of child-rearing due to the Fewer Children”.View full abstractDownload PDF (1718K) -
A Discovery of Romantic Love in the Middle of MeijiToshihiko OGURA1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 346-361
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper aims to examine the encounter of “(romantic) love” and its influence on male youth in the middle of Meiji era, focusing on the figures of “blushing man” in modern literature. According to psychiatry, blush (Erythrophobie) occurs in particular situation, where a self loses suitable way in communicating with indefinite others. Then, we will interpret their blush in literature as disordered representation of shame and fear against the transformation on love relationship, especially images of woman, in new culture.
Conventionally speaking, modern styles of love presuppose modern individuals or subjectivity. But, observing these disordered phenomenon, we will disclose that romantic love are primarily experienced as fear against subjectivation, yield by lay women (“shirouto-josei”) who never understand traditional courtship (“iro” or “koi”). And we argue that such a shake of self-identity has truly qualified the discovery of love in modern Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1862K) -
A Phase of Modernity in the FamilyTomomi SHINADA1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 362-374
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHousework is a principal concept in the discourse of the modern family. As the scheme of modernization fluctuates today, it should be necessary to clarify the relationship between the housework and the family. In this paper, quantitative analysis of women's housework time in Japan and that in the United States were compared. Thereafter, the principles that govern the families in the countries were extracted.
In the result, two countries have similarity in the level of relevance on the number of children. As the differences, (1) The people who share of housework are mainly husbands in the U.S., but mothers in Japan, (2) The factors of education and income are only relevant in the U.S., (3) The work time is more relevant in Japan.
It suggests that the family of both countries attach importance to children but more in Japan. The separation of domestic and public sphere is found in the United States, while, in Japan, their separation is found only in space but not in idea.View full abstractDownload PDF (1448K) -
Masao NOBE1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 375-392
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is designed to empirically investigate sex differences in the structure of social networks and the availability of social support amongst the elderly. The data are taken from two surveys of elderly people in Okayama City, Japan. The elderly persons sampled consisted of 133 men and 61 women ranging in age from 65 to 79 who are married and do not live with their children. The analyses revealed the following five points.
(1) More men included their spouse in their social networks than women. While men had more workmate relationships than women, the latter maintained more neighbourhood relationships than the former.
(2) There were no sex differences in the spatial distribution of the social networks. Both men and women had most of their social relationships in their own neighbourhood or in Okayama City. However, both sexes had some kinship relationships outside the city.
(3) There was no sex difference in the size of the social networks.
(4) While spouse and relatives were overwhelmingly important sources of support for both men and women, neighbours, friends and workmates played an important role in providing support to them only in some limited situations. More men reported receiving support from their spouse and workmates than women. Particularly, a remarkably higher proportion of men reported receiving care from their spouse when they were hospitalised. In contrast, more women were likely to rely on relatives and neighbours than men.
(5) More women reported that they would talk to someone about their worries than men. Conversely, more men reported that they would talk to someone about their work than women, because a higher proportion of men had paid employment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1925K) -
The Case of a Home Village of Emigrants to ManilaNaoko TAKEDA1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 393-408
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence of a leader played a crucial role in the development of local identity in the Machi hamlet in the island village of Tashima, Hiroshima. Prefecture. In the early 1900s, the prefecture's fishing-related functional groups (fishermen's associations) had the dual structure of overseeing fishing operations conducted both in local coastal waters and in international waters. The leader in the Machi hamlet had a network wide enough to perceive the disparities among the functional groups, as well as extensive informationgathering capability, enabling him to begin sending groups of emigrants to Manila. The Machi hamlet reorganized its social structure in that direction in its competition with another hamlet that was dependent on the village's fishing association. The local identity of the Machi hamlet became established in the course of the reorganization.View full abstractDownload PDF (1928K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 409-411
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (338K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 411-413
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (353K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 414-415
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (213K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 415-417
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (326K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 417-420
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (441K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 420-422
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (323K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 422-424
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (317K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 424-426
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (322K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 426-428
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (337K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 428-429
Published: December 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (225K)
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