Japanese Sociological Review
Online ISSN : 1884-2755
Print ISSN : 0021-5414
ISSN-L : 0021-5414
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Volume 61, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Articles
  • Latent Class Analysis of Intergenerational Educational Attainment
    Wataru NAKAZAWA
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 112-129
    Published: September 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.112
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper aims to clarify the changes in the relationship between parents' and their children's educational attainments under educational expansion. Although education is one of the most important variables in social stratification research, the detailed qualitative relationships between parents' and their children's educational attainments were unclear except that the children were more likely to be highly educated if their parents were also highly educated. There is no established theory about the value of educational credentials of specialized training colleges or twoyear junior colleges during the period of educational expansion. Therefore, in order to consider the three-way relationship (father, mother, and respondent) of simultaneous educational attainments, I created the predominant pattern of educational attainments with the latent class analysis using SSM-Japan 2005 data. In addition, I employed multinomial logit latent class analyses to clarify the social backgrounds of each latent class. As a result, regardless of cohort and gender, three latent class models fit the data well. These latent classes generally supported the hypotheses that inequality had been maintained during the period of educational expansion and that the educational expansion actually implied the changes in the threshold of progression to higher education because the distribution of ascendancy to the progression to higher education had been stable. In addition, the three latent classes were clearly distinguishable on the basis of fathers' occupation and cultural property. Most male and female graduates from specialized training colleges belonged to the class of high school graduates, and although junior college graduates belonged to the class of university graduates in the beginning, these two graduates were later separated into different classes.
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  • Modernization and Friendship
    A Multilevel Analysis of Intimacy Using International Social Survey Data
    Haruka SHIBATA
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 130-149
    Published: September 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.130
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper explores how intimacy and its meaning are transformed as a society modernizes. According to the previous studies, as a society modernized, reflexive intimacy (i.e., intimacy independent of, or disembedded out of, specific conditions or extrinsic criteria, e.g., friendship outside of kinship, neighborhood, or workplace) was popularized and became important to some degree for individuals. However, the untested hypotheses were as follows: As a society modernizes, (1)"the number or proportion of reflexive intimacy changes," (2)"the importance of reflexive intimacy increases," and (3)"the importance of reflexive intimacy does not increase necessarily but can decrease or stop increasing after reaching some degree without reaching the ceiling (i.e., intimacy reembedded into extrinsic criteria also becomes important)." As a test method, a country-individual multilevel analysis was necessary. Thus, it was adopted here.
    First, multilevel analyses of "the number and proportion of reflexively selected friends" were conducted by using the data of the International Social Survey Programme 2001. The results showed that a country-level modernization variable (school enrollment rate) was effective (Analysis I).
    Second, an analysis of "the contribution to happiness (or the general importance)of reflexive friendship" was conducted by using the same ISSP 2001 data. The result showed that as a country-level modernization variable (GDP per capita) increased, general importance of reflexive friendship decreased (Analysis II).
    Third, an analysis of "the ratio of the importance of friends (more reflexive intimacy)to that of family (less reflexive intimacy)" was conducted by using the data of the World Values Survey 1990 and 2000. The result showed that as GDP per capita increased, the relative importance of friends stopped increasing after reaching a certain degree below the ceiling (Analysis III).
    The result of Analysis I supported Hypothesis (1), and the results of Analyses II and III both supported Hypothesis (3) more than Hypothesis (2).
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  • The Self Demanded by "Self-Analysis" Manuals for University Student's Employment Search and their Functions
    Analysis from "Technologies of the Self"
    Tomokazu MAKINO
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 150-167
    Published: September 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.150
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this article, I think establishment of "self-analysis" in university student's search for employment as establishment of sub-market in the university freshman graduate adoption market. Through this, I can consider the shortcomings of the previous studies, variety of relation with self-analysis, issue of writers and readers, and definitiveness of the influence on students. In addition, I consider "self-analysis" as "technologies of the self," because they ma ke the readers subjectivate through the construction of "relations to one's self." Thus, I can undertake acompa rison with previous studies of the self and consider the reason for the establishment of selfanalysis on the basis of the material. From these points of view, I analyze the "technologies of the self" dealt with in the market for self-analysis and consider the functions of the market.
    The objects of analysis are the self-help books written for finding employment tha t deal with "self-analysis," 190 titles, total 758 books. In these books, there are three key orientations: reflection on the past, analysis of the present self, and imagination of the future. Through these, the readers are induced to extract "the true self." However, this is not a purely psychologized action. In these works, the readers are encouraged to find an objective view of the self and positive selfexpression for employment. From the foregoing analysis, it would appear tha t there are three key functions of the self-analysis market: reduction of the uncertainty of the university freshman graduate adoption market, provision of support and motivation to work, and individualization of the social issues. The function of individualization will be distinctive when there is ado wnturn in the university freshman graduate adoption market. Therefore, we have to pay attention to the "technologies of the self" the micro technologies of individualization.
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  • National Identity and Solidarity among Zainichi Korean Youths with "Chosen-seki"
    Hong Jang LEE
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 168-185
    Published: September 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.168
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The report aims at considering how national identity of Zainichi Koreans who have "Chosen nationality" (Chosen-seki)should be taken as well as demonstrating what kind of strategy he or she devises and how contends with eyes of oversight and exclusion by trying to overcome political/social situation they have been forced to accept, through interviews with persons in young generation with "Chosen nationality".
    People with "Chosen nationality" have been consistently treated as objects to be controlled and have been unilaterally defined as "stateless" or "North Korean nation" while legal status for Zainichi Koreans has varied. However, it doesn't mean that people with "Chosen nationality" have lived a passive life consistently under such management structure. They're trying to reinterpret as well as to create positive meaning for "Chosen nationality" they have maintained by themselves while attracting various types of eyes. And they always practice it in the course of everyday communication with different others such as Japanese, koreans with Japanese nationality and "double". Therefore, it is possible to learn a possibility to establish "opened solidarity without any property of power" based on daily life by seeking for establishment of solidarity over "Chosen nationality" problem.
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