All issues
Volume 62, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Mitsuo OBANA, Yasuo MATSUOKA, Junya FUKUDA, Ippei FUJIMORI1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 187-193
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the fact of the recent, remarkable development of chemotherapy in Japan, the investigation of prognostic attribute to infections in diabetics needs to be considerd. We studied on infections in 116 autopsied diabetic patients seen at our hospital since 1970 till 1984. Seventy-two diabetics who had some kind of infection were named as “Infection group” and the remaining 44 diabetics were named as “Non-infection group”. In order to review the chronological trend, all diabetics were classified into three groups (“Group A”: 1970-1974, 11 patients, “Group B”: 1975-1979, 26 patients and “Group C”: 1980-1984, 79 patients). Totally, 111 infections were discoverd, but only 71 infections (64.0%) were discoverd before autopsy. Fourteen diabetics (12.1%) died of infections. The percentages of death by infections were 18.2% in “Group A”, 11.5% in “Group B” and 11.4% in “Group C” respectively. The patients in “Infection group” had longer history of diabetes than that of those in “Non-infection group.” These data suggested that infection is still very important and not negligible complication in diabetics.View full abstractDownload PDF (819K) -
Kouichi WADA, Yosiyuki MURAMATSU, Kazuyuki TASAKI, Takehiro SATOU, Mas ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 194-199
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe traveller came home from China in March, 1987. After four days, his wife, 49 years old, developed a high fever and was admitted to our hospital for disturbance of consciousness, purpura, cyanosis and hypotensin. During the past eighteen years, she had been treated with prednisolone for a mixed connective tissue disease. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. After 24 hours, she died of a typical Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.
From the nasopharynx of her hasband, N. meningitidis was isolated. He was believed to be the carrier who had been infected in China. Three months later, a patient was admitted to our hospital for sarcoidosis. N. meningitidis was also isolated from his nasopharynex. His household had been to China in March, 1987. We investigated 15 tourists of the same group, 21 close contacts of two carriers and 30 healthy volunteers in Niigata. N. meningitidis was isolated only from the nasopharynx of a carrier's child, and not from his 31 schoolmates.
Ofloxacin was administrated orally to two adult carriers in doses of 600 mg per day. Cefixime was administrated to a child carrier in doses of 100 mg. N. meningitidis were eradicated after 24 hours. Ofloxacin and cefixime were thought to be useful for the eradication and chemophylaxis of N. meningitidis.
Although adult meningitis due to N. meningitidis has recently been rare in Japan, we have to pay much attention to imported infective diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (756K) -
Teruo YAMASHITA, Kenji SAKAE, Yuichi ISHIHARA, Hiromasa INOUE, Shin IS ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 200-205
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVirucidal effect of chlorine with/without cyanuric acid in chlorine demand free (CDF) buffer and actual swimming pool waters were studied. In CDF. buffer, 30 mg/1 cyanuric acid increased the time required for 99.9% inactivation of poliovirus 1 (P1), coxsackievirus A24 (EH24/70), enterovirus 70 and adenovirus type 3 by 0.5mg/1 free available chlorine at 25°C from 0.8, 0.5, 0.12 and 0.14 min without cyanuric acid to 5.6, 14.4, 2.5 and 2.1 min, respectively. In 9 water samples from swimming pools used trichloroisocyanurates as a disinfectant, at more than 1.0mg/1 free available chlorine and 25°C, 0.78 to 19.44% of input P1 was still infectious after 20 sec of contact. After 90 sec, the input virus remained infectious in the 8 water samples. It needed more than 3 min of contact the virus completely to inactivated in all of these water samples. On the other hand, in 10 water samples of swimming pools used sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant, at more than 1.0mg/1 free available chlorine and 25°C, 0.01% of P1 survived in only the 2 samples after 20 sec contact. The virus was completely inactivated after 40 sec in all of these water samples. These results suggested that cyanuric acid decreased the virucidal activity of chlorine. The free available chlorine value should be increased within the acceptable limits, when cyanuric acid was used in the swimming pool water.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
I. The results of Susceptibility and the Amounts of Drug Used during Seven YearsEtsuko YAMAZAKI, Keiji MIZUOKA, Gohta MASUDA, Yoriko KOBAYASHI, Taiji ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 206-216
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrug susceptibility/resistance of 42, 940 strains was investigated, of clinical isolates including 28bacterial species isolated from 1979 to 1986 at Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital. Using a triplet-disk method, the following results were obtained.
1) Less than 50% of isolates in Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Xanthomonas maltopilia and Flavobacterium species appeared to be sensitive to the most frequently used drugs (major drugs) such as penems, cephems, chloramphenicol and tetracyclines.
2) Bacterial species that turned to be resistant against the major drugs during this survey wereS. aureus, Enterococcus species, Salmonella species, Enterobacter species and P. aeruginosa.
3) Total amounts of the major drugs used were nearly steady during the survey period. Among the orally administered drugs, cephems were the largest in quantity and followed by quinolone derivatives, penems, macrolides, tetracyclines. While the amount of use of parenterally administered drugs were in order of cephems, penems and aminoglycosides.
4) Increasing number of drug resistant isolates against the particular drug (s) seems to be related to the amount of the drug (s) used, that might be due to acquired resistance factors. On the other hand, multi-drug-resistance of a part so called glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli might be due to the other factor (s) such as low outer membrane diffusion etc.
Thus, we would suggest that investigators should keep their attentions to the frequently isolated multi-drug-resistant pathogens such as S. aureus, Enterobacter species and P. aeruginosView full abstractDownload PDF (1444K) -
Masatoshi OGAWA, Tatsuya UJI, Shuichi MIYAZAKI, Sachiko GOTO1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 217-225
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe virulence in mixed infections in mice with hemolysin producing or non-producing strain of Enterococcus faecalis and E. coli, K prieumoniae or P. aeruginosa was studied.
When mice were challenged intraperitoneary with the combination of a hemolysin producing strains of E. faecalis and other bacterial species, the virulence was more markedly enhanced than those of the combination of a non-hemolysin producing strain of E. faecalis and other bacterial species.
On the other hand, viable cells of E. coli in the blood of mice after mixed infectedwith a hemolysin non-producing E. faecalis and E. coli were remained longer than the case of the single infectionof E. coli.
Forethermore, it was confirmed that hemolysin producing E. faecalis was inhibited the bactericidal activity of mouse neutrophile.View full abstractDownload PDF (817K) -
Rapid Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteriuria by Using the chromogenic Limulus Lysate MicroassayTakahiro NARITA, Kazuyuki SUGAHARA, Keizo YAMAGUCHI, Toshiaki USUI1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 226-234
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay in determining bacteriuria due to gramnegative organisms had been studied extensively. Many authors and workers have published papers concerning this study. And Iwanaga et al., in 1978, introduced the chromogenic substrate LAL assay.
In this study, bacteriuria due to gram-negative bacteria (GNB) was detected by using chromogenic substrate LAL assay. On the basis of this method, micro-technique procedure was applied using small amount of urine specimens and solution composed of LAL and chromogenic substrate. We used 100-fold diluted urine on LAL assay, mixed and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes and examined macroscopically by using spectrophotometer (microplate reader).
Out of 228 urine samples tested, 31 out of the 32 samples (96.9%) were positive which correlated well with urine samples which containing more than 105 CFU/ml of gram-negative bacteria. Out of 8 urine samples which contained more than 104 CFU/ml up to 105 CFU/ml of GNB, 6 (75.0%) were positive. Out of 11 urine samples which contained less than 104 of GNB, 4 (36.4%) were positive.
The most common organisms isolated from urinary tract infections are gram-negative organisms. So the LAL assay is a rapid, simple and reliable method in determining of clinically significant gram-negative bacteriuria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1163K) -
Tadao YAMAMOTO1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 235-241
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the preepidemic and epidemic seasons of Japanese encephalitis, ELISA IgM titers of viral antibodies in pigs were measured and compared with HI titers. Sera were collected serially at intervals from ten pigs and subjected to assay of antibody titers. In the preepidemic period, ELISA IgM titerswere less than 103 and no HI antibody was detected. When HI IgM antibody was demonstrated, the sera showed ELISA IgM titers of more than 104. ELISA IgM antibodies continued to be detected for about 2 weeks. Later the titers decreased to around 103, but the HI reaction was observed due to the presence of IgG antibody.
Twenty pigs were selected periodically at each time when they were brought to market, and subjected to assay of antibody titers. In the nonepidemic and preepidemic seasons, the ELISA IgM titers were less than 103. At the early stage of the epidemic period when the HI IgM antibody appeared, the sera showed ELISA IgM titers of more than 104. ELISA IgM antibodies were detected for about one month in a group of pigs as a whole. Although sera showing ELISA IgM titers of 2-4×103 contained HI IgM antibodies in some specimens, ELISA IgM titers more than the cut off value of 3×103 well correlated with IgM antibodies detected in the HI reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 242-245
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adherence of E. coli 332 strains from various urinary tract infections (cystitis, pyelonephritis, etc., ) to human uroepithelial cells (UE-cells) was examined according to Harber's method.
UE-cells were obtained from freshly voided urine specimens from a woman who had no history of urinary or vaginal infections. These cells were resuspended with a phosphate buffered saline solution.E. coli strains cultured in brain-heart infusion broth (Difco), were added to the UE-cells suspension. Then the number of bacteria which adhered to each 30 UE-cell was counted to determine adhesive ability of E. coli. E. coli strains which markedly adhered to UE-cells were re-examined to better understand to the stability of UE-cells.
We also investigated the relation between the adherence of E. coli to UE-cells and the day of the menstrual cycle or the season in which UE-cells and the day of the menstrual cycle or the season in which UE-cells were obtained. Considerable variations were found between experiments done during different seasons. However no relation was observed between the adhesion capacity and the menstrual cycle.
These results suggest that UE-cells obtained from human urinary sediment should not be used to study the adhesive ability of various strains of E. coli because of the variations, that were found during different seasons.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Hisaichi BANNAI, Hiroshi MIYAZAWA, Yoshimori ASHIHARA1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 246-252
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn in vivo activity of antibiotics against Chlamydia trachomatis (serovar L2) was examined by using ddy demale mice, 6 weeks of age. Serovar L2, 1×107 inclusion-forming units (IFU) in 0.2 ml of sucrose-phosphate glutamate buffer were inoculated intraveneously (iv) via tail veins of mice. Serovar L2 inoculated mice were then treated either with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or with antibiotics (mg/kg): doxycycline (DOXY), 3.3; ofloxacin (OFLX), 6.6; ampicillin (ABPC), 50 24 hours after inoculation, and were sacrificed by decapitation to monitor the growth of serovar L2 in spleen at intervals on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11 and 14 (and 20) after inoculation. Ten %(w/v) homogenates of the spleen were made and 0.2 ml of aliquots were inoculated onto Hela 229 cells prepared in 24 well plates for determination of the infective titers (log10 IFU/spleen). In serovar L2 and PBS inoculated mice, the titers peaked 1 to 2 days after inoculation and gradually decreased thereafter. A few or no chlamydial inclusions were demonstrated 14 or 20 days after inoculation. Significant decrease of the titers were observed by injection of the antibiotics. When one DOXY was injected daily, no inclusions were detected after only 2 injections. Eleven injections of 10 mg/kg of OFLX, but not 6.6 mg/kg, were required for eradication of serovar L2. Complete eradication was not observed in ABPC treatment. These results are similar to the results obtained in clinical trials.
The enhanced inhibition of growth of serovar L2 in the spleen was observed with an antibiotic treatment in mice which were immunized with the same organism 14 days before use. In conclusion, our present results indicate that mice may serve as a useful animal model for primary evaluation of an in vivo activity of antichlamydial agents.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K) -
Influence of HDV Superinfection on HBeAg/Anti-HBe System and Transaminase LevelIkuo TAMURA, Hiroshi ICHIMURA, Yoshiharu ITOH, Osamu KURIMURA, Takashi ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 253-258
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the influence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection on hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, we examined the antibodies to the hepatitis delta antigen (anti-HD) in the serial sera.
1) In 78 HBeAg clearance cases anti-HD was detected in 16 cases (20.5%) preceding the HBeAg clearance, whereas in 78 HBeAg persistence cases matched for sex and age distribution anti-HD was detected in 7 cases (9.0%). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in prevalence of anti-HD between these two groups.
2) In the anti-HBe persistence cases the abnormal transaminase group had a greater frequency of seropositivity of anti-HD than the normal transaminase group (25.6% vs 7.7%, p<0.001).
It is suggested that HDV may be one of the etiologic agents of liver cell damage in HBV carriers with anti-HBe and HDV superinfection could be an accelerating event of HBeAg clearance.View full abstractDownload PDF (702K) -
Yuzo KAZUNO1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 259-265
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanisms of oral vaccination have not been clarified yet. In this study, the mechanisms that prevent infection by oral vaccination with Vivrio cholerae (V. cholerae) were investigated. Mice were orally vaccinated with the whole cells, or IF 30 of V. cholerae. The splenic cells or Peyer's patches (PP) cells of these mice were removed and their in vitro antibacterial activity against V. cholerae was determined. The splenic cells of mice orally vaccinated with the whole cells of V. cholerae showed suppression of the bacterium after 6 administrations, but no suppression after a single administration. The PP cells of mice orally vaccinated with the whole cells of V. cholerae showed suppression, irrespective of the number of times of administration. In the groups of mice orally vaccinated with IF30, suppression of V. cholerae was exhibited by the splenic cells of mice after 4 administrations and by the PP cells of mice after a single administration. The above mentioned suppression of V. cholerae was induced by B cells included in the splenic or PP cells of orally vaccinated mice. None of the humoral antibodies of orally vaccinated mice suppressed V. cholerae. Consequently, it is suggested that infection of V. cholerae is prevented locally in the intestine by the primary effect of oral vaccination and then by the splenic cells that recognize the antigen of V. cholerae through consecutive oral administratons.View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
Koichi WATANABE, Tomiko TAKASE, Akitoshi KINOSHITA, Tooru ISHINO, Hide ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages 266-272
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 82 years old woman had been treated with local injection therapy by dexamethazon for her arthritis deformance of the left knee joint since the end of April, 1986. She was suffered from high fever and swelling of the knee joint on May 20 and then admitted to Hokusho Central Hospital on May 29 because of excerbation of the symptoms. The chest x-ray was taken on 6th hospital day because of increase of cough and purulental sputum and multiple cavities with infiltrative shadows were remarkably recognized in both lungs. Sepsis and multiple lung abscess were most suspected from these clinical findings.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from cultures obtained from left knee joint, blood and sputum.
She was treated by injection with minocyclin (300 mg/day), cloxacillin (6 g/day), fosfomycin (8g/day) and left knee joint drainage was also performed concomitantly. Then, clinical symptoms and inflamatory findings were improved gradually.
The MICs (mcg/ml) of antibiotics against isolated S. aureus were as follows: methicillin: 25, cephazolin: >25, minocyclin: 0.25-0.5: cloxacillin: 0.05-1.0, fosfomycin: 2.5-5.View full abstractDownload PDF (7470K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|