Following the development of chemotheraphy, the increase of drug-resistant bacteria has been very important problem. A new aminoglycoside antibiotic, lividomycin (LVM) showed widely antibacterial activity, but LVM-resistant bacteria were found in clincal isolates before clinical trial of the drug. We investigated LVM-resistant mechanisms in bacteria and following results were obtained.
1) Many LVM-resistant strains showed also resistance to Kanamycin (KM). Therefore, there ara three types with regard to resistant patterns between KM and LVM, ie., I (KM^r, LVM^r), II (KM^r, LVM^s) and III (KM-A^s, LVM^r).
2) LVM-resistant mechanism in type I strains was due to LVM-inactivating enzyme capable of phosphorylating OH group of ribose moiety of LVM.
3) LVM-resistant mechnism in type III bacteria was caused to inactivating enzyme capable of acetylating 2'-NH₂ of LVM and this enzme inactivated all aminoglycosides containing 2'-amino group.
4) In vitro-developed LVM-resistant strain of E. coli affected no inactivating enzyme and LVM-resistance of this strain would be due to the decrease of permeability of the drug.

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It has been demonstrated electron microscopically that rod-shaped virus-like particles were found in the human embryo cell culture when the cells were treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BuDR) in culture. The rod-shaped particles, measuring approximately 70 nm in width and 300 to 400 nm in length, are composed of doubled, outer and inner, tubular structures whose both ends are closed. They appeared in clusters in the multiply formed intracytoplasmic vesicles of the treated cells. It was noticed that they resembled the tublar particles appeared in the BuDR-treated mouse sarcoma cells. The nature of the tubular particles is not known at present.

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Preoperative and postoperative clinical features and electroencephalographic findings in 128 cases with chronic subdural hematoma which were admitted to the Neurosurgical Clinic, the Gunma University Hospital in a period of 19 years, were studied. In 73 cases treated before 1967, total removal of the hematoma including the hematoma capsule was performed through osteoplastic craniotomy. In the remaining 54 cases treated later than 1968, evacuation and irrigation of the hematoma was performed through trepanation and the capsule was left behind.
Preoperative clinical findings manifested by 128 cases were summarized as follows : 1) Signs and symptoms of chronic intracranial hypertension, 2) mental and psychiatric deficits, 3) focal signs indicating a lesion in the cerebral hemisphere, and 4) less frequently, in the brain stem and cerebellum. Preoperative electroencephalographies revealed 85% of the cases to be abnormal, and a multi-form slow wave focus was considered to be a definite localizing value for a hematoma.
Early operative complications were observed in 16 cases (23%) of craniotomy-treated group as follows : re-retention of clot (3 cases), epidural hematoma (2), seizures (3), aphasia (2), wound infection (1), hallucination (1), and serum hepatitis (4). Those in the trepanation-treated group were observed in 4 cases (7%) : Injuries to the cerebral cortex (1) and cortical vein (1), wound infection (1), and hallucination (1). There was no operative death in either groups.
Long-term follow-up results revealed that 97% of the cases of both groups had returned to normal life, while 41% of the craniotomy-treated group and 42% of the trepanation-treated group had some of either subjective complaints of neurological abnormalities. During the follow-up period over 19 years, eight patients died from other illnesses ; and no patient had a recurrence of the hematoma, but two were again treated for another chronic subdural hematoma on the opposite side, 5 and 10 years after the operation, respectively. These findings suggested that the persistent capsule in the trepanation-treated group would not be harmful to the postoperative course.
Electroencephalographic examinations were performed in 83 cases of both groups at the time of the follow-up and revealed 16% of the craniotomy-treated group and 15% of the trepanation-treated group to be normal. Characteristic fast waves, with amplitude ranging from 10 to 40μV and frequency ranging from 18 to 30 Hz, were found in 58% of the craniotomy-treated group and 51% of the trepanation-treated group. They were usually observed over the frontal and central regions on the affected side, constantly or transiently, when awake with eyes closed or under hypnosis. But they did not appeared in the postoperative stage earlier than a week, but continued to appear, in some cases, 16 years after the operation, and not associated with any anti-epileptogenic drugs. In some cases, other activity of 11-14 Hz, resembling wicket rhythm (rythm en arceau), was also observed in the central region of the affected side. Though never proven, it was suggested that the longstanding compression by the hematoma might be a causative factor of the fast waves. Clinical seizures were observed only in one case of the trepanation-treated group, in which the fast wave showed a high amplitude over 100μV. Spike and wave complexes and slow wave foci were observed in 1 case of the craniotomy-treated and 3 of the trepanation-treateted group. Late epilepsies were reported to manifest in 3 and 2 cases of each group, respectively. It was considered unnecessary to give anticonvulsants in the postoperative course of a chronic subdural hematoma unless continuous electroencephalograshic examinations showed such overt abnormalities as spike and wave complexes and slow wave foci, or clinically evident seizures.

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The stature, body weight, chest circumference and sitting height were measured on 1461 children in total of “J” Elementary School and “T” Junior High School of Takasaki city. And the distribution of each item was studied with the following results.
1) The stature, body weight, chest circumference and sitting height all showed the highest growth in 10-11 years of age in boys and in 9-11 years in girls. This coincides with the beginning of adolescence.
2) The stature and sitting height were assumed to show the normal distribution in each age group of both males and females.
3) The distributions of body weight and chest circumference were asymmetric in each age group of both males and females, showing a skew on the side of higher values, which was especially prominent, for body weight, in 12-14 years old boys and 14 years old girls, and for chest circumference in 8-14 years old boys.
4) As for increased range of distribution or the presence of extremely superior or inferior group, and inferior boys group, aged 12-14 was remarkable with regard to stature, a superior male and a superior female group, aged 12-14 and 14, respectively, with regard to body weight, and a superior male group, aged 12-14, with regard to chest circumference. This should mean “a highrisk” in collective observation, though small in number.

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The case of complete duodenal obstruction with an annular pancreas was a ten-day-old premature boy who was delivered of a hydramniotic mother. He had a history of bilious vomiting since the first day of life. The upright scout film of the abdomen showed “double bubble”. The contrast enema had ruled out the malrotation of the colon. A congenital intrinsic atresia of the duodenum was suspected, however, a duodenal obstruction due to an annular pancreas was confirmed at surgery. A duodenojejunostomy was carried out with complete success.
The case of duodenal stenosis due to malrotation of intestine was a four-month-old boy. He started to vomit intermittently from the third day of life. The vomiting was cyclic in nature, but he failed to gain nomal weight. The flat film of the abdomen showed dilated stomach and proximal duodenum with a small amount of intestinal gas shadow. A barium enema examination revealed the cecum positioned in the mid-abdomen, and the child was operated upon for the diagnosis of duodenal stenosis due to malrotation of the intestine. A peritoneal band crossing the duodenum and attaching the ascending colon to the posterolateral abdominal wall was divided and appendectomy was accompanied. His postoperative course was uneventful.

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