生活衛生

総説

飲酒と動脈硬化性疾患

若林一郎

原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2004 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 387-395
発行日: 2004年
公開日: 2005/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11468/seikatsueisei.48.387

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報文

家庭用品に使用される化学物質の皮膚感作性試験 (VI)

抗菌剤2-chloroacetamide、2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol、zinc bis(2-pyridylthio-1-oxide) のモルモットにおける皮膚感作性

野田勉, 山野哲夫, 清水充

原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2004 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 396-406
発行日: 2004年
公開日: 2005/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11468/seikatsueisei.48.396

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Three antimicrobial agents, 2-chloroacetamide (CAA), 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol (BNPD) and zinc bis(2-pyridylthio-1-oxide) (ZPT) were evaluated for their skin sensitization potency in a modified guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). These chemicals have low estimated octanol-water partition coefficients and are therefore presumed to have low skin penetration capability. CAA produced weak skin sensitization, BNPD seemed to cause very weak sensitization of guinea pig skin as only one of ten animals had a positive skin reaction to it, and ZPT failed to elicit a positive skin reaction even at maximal concentrations of intradermal injection (5, 000 ppm) and elicitation (50, 000 ppm). Guinea pigs sensitized with CAA cross-reacted to the structural analogue 2-chloro-N-(hydroxymethyl) acetamide, which is known as a contact sensitizer, but not to trichloroacetamide. BNPD-sensitized animals did not react to formaldehyde, which is a degradation product of BNPD. CAA and ZPT are thus defined as positive and negative, respectively, for their skin sensitization potency in the GPMT. BNPD, however, could not be assessed clearly as having a weak skin sensitization potency in the GPMT.

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食餌中のシステインおよび腸内細菌がヒ素の代謝に与える影響

吉田香, 翁昌子, 北村真理, 周栩, 鰐渕英機, 圓藤吟史, 黒田孝一

原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2004 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 407-414
発行日: 2004年
公開日: 2005/01/27

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11468/seikatsueisei.48.407

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Nutrient intake has significant effects on the toxicity and carcinogenesis caused by various chemicals. The toxicity and metabolism of arsenic is also thought to be affected by nutrients. This paper examines the effects of dietary cysteine (Cys) and enteromicroorganisms on the metabolism of arsenic in vitro and in vivo. Our previous study revealed that two unidentified metabolites, M-1 and M-2, were detected in urine and a further unidentified metabolite, M-3, in feces after long-term oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) to rats. M-2 was more cytotoxic than DMA (V), M-1, and M-3. DMA (V) was converted to M-2 and M-3 by E. coli. In this study, we examined the effects of Cys concentration on conversion of DMA (V) by E. coli in vitro. The maximum concentration of M-2 was observed at a Cys/DMA ratio of 2, and the maximum of M-3 was observed when the ratio exceeded 3. In the vivo experiment, we examined the urinary and fecal metabolites after 10 or 56 days of administration of 1 mM DMA (V) to 4 groups of rats, control rats (Cont-group), rats given E. coli (E. coli-group), rats given Cys-sufficient diet (Cys-group), and rats given E. coli and Cys-sufficient diet (Cys+ E. coli-group). The methylation rate in urinary metabolites was increased in the Cys-group and Cys+E. coli-group compared with the Cont-group after 10 days’ administration. The rate of M-2 and M-3 in feces was increased in the Cys-group and Cys+ E. coli-group after 56 days’ administration. These results indicate that dietary Cys and E. coli affect the production of M-2 and M-3.

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