A review was undertaken of all the tests of indoor air pollution from unventilated heating apparatus carried out at our institute since 1896. Fukuhara et al. (1941) found that the CO concentration in the flue gas from a briquette stove was 0.304% and that the CO generation rate of the briquette stove was 10.34 L/h. Shoji et al. (1942) found that the use of oval briquettes raised CO concentration to a maximum of 0.3% and that the use of a briquette brazier raised indoor CO concentration to 0.03-0.06% (300-600 ppm) (air exchange rate: 1 L/h, volume of room: 12m³). Watanabe et al. (1966) found that the use of a convection-type kerosene heater raised CO concentration to 25ppm and NO₂ concentration to 1 ppm. Miyazaki et al. (1979) found that the NO₂ generation rate of the convection-type kerosene heater was 4-5 times that of the radiation-type kerosene heater and that the CO generation rate of a used radiant-type kerosene heater was twice that of a new one. Miyazaki (2005) found in the chamber test that the generation rate of the kerosene fan heater was 2.5 times that of the radiation-type kerosene heater for NO₂ and 5.6 times for NO.

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The life of a boiler is shortened primarily because of inner surface corrosion, which is caused by dissolved oxygen in the boiler water. To control this, boiler water is treated with a deaerator or an oxygen scavenger to reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen. However, as these treatments do not remove dissolved oxygen completely, corrosion is not prevented satisfactorily.
We have developed a unique boiler water treatment in which an anti-corrosive magnetite layer is formed on the inner surface of the boiler at 150-364°C and 0.5-20 MPa by using a chemical formulation (amine-carboxylate and amine: Food Additives). In the present paper, laboratory test results for this treatment are reported and its merits discussed in comparison with conventional treatments.

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The migration of the antioxidant additives Irganox 1010, Irgafos 168 and related compounds from containers into box lunches after microwave heating was investigated. Irganox 1010, Irgafos 168 and 2,4-di-t-butylphenol (DTBP) were detected in all five box lunch containers, while p-t-butylphenol (PTBP) and p-t-butylbenzoic acid (PTBBA) were detected in three and one, respectively. Before and after microwave heating, PTBP, DTBP and PTBBA were detected in one, two and one of the box lunches, respectively. The levels of PTBP in the box lunches were unchanged before and after microwave heating, but the levels of DTBP and PTBBA after microwave heating were 1.5-9.2 and 1.2-4.2 times higher, respectively, than before heating. In particular, the migration level increased when the lunch boxes were heated for twice as long as the standard heating time.

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Three kinds of fungi were cultured on various media (including different 30 surfactants, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactants) and a comparison of their growth was made. The growth of all three fungi was inhibited by anionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactants. In particular, no colonies of these fungi were found on 0.25% of these surfactants and only small colonies were found on 0.05%. On the other hand, although two fatty acid-amide type nonionic surfactants inhibited the growth of the three fungi, no inhibition on the their growth was found on media including other nonionics. For example, fatty-acid ester type nonionics promoted the growth of all three fungi. In particular, Scolecobasidium constrictum, a dominant fungus in washing machines, grew well on media including polyoxyethylene-alkylether nonionic surfactants, in contrast with Cladosporium cladosporioides, a common fungus in indoor environments. Fatty-acid amide type surfactants were noticed for their potential to be exploited in detergent for fungus-free washing machines.

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