Japanese Sociological Review
Online ISSN : 1884-2755
Print ISSN : 0021-5414
ISSN-L : 0021-5414
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Volume 61, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Articles
  • The Impact of Loggers' Networks on Forest Management in Japan
    Masahide HAYASHI, Tomomasa AMANO
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 2-18
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.2
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Although an adequate stock of trees that were planted after the WWII are available for harvesting in Japan, these trees are being currently underutilized, causing some forest management problems. This underutilization of domestic timber resources is partially explained by the low productivity in logging processes. This study attempts to clarify the impact of loggers. network, which is composed of one logger and several forest owners, on forest management in Japan. We conducted surveys at Senboku city of Akita prefecture wherein we interviewed six loggers and their business contacts. We discussed the impact of their networking system and the means to establish a favorable network that will resolve the forest management problem.
    Our results indicated that loggers who adopt the following strategies tend to achieve higher productivity than other loggers: (a) entering into one-shot contracts with the forest owners and thus, they do not expect to continue future transactions (so called weak-tie) and (b) those with open networks, where their clients do not know each other. On the basis of the above results and Okura (2006), we suggest that there are at least two factors that would influence the establishment of a favorable network to resolve the forest management problem: (a) how high the uncertainty might be for the forest owners where the uncertainty lies, (b) the type of performance that the loggers want to achieve.
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  • Surveillance Experiences of Nikkei Peruvians
    Focusing on the "Transference" of Spatial Managers
    Hideki INAZU
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 19-36
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.19
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper focuses on the "surveillance experiences" of Nikkei Peruvians (people of Japanese descent who immigrated to Peru before moving back to Japan) living in the suburbs of Japan and indicates the composition of power in their experiences. Previous researchers have labeled their surveillance experiences as a symptom of delusion of reference. Subsequently, the problems of immigrants and surveillance have been centered on the national border control. In contrast, on the basis of the author. s participant observation, this paper sheds light on their surveillance experiences as social realities that form a part of their daily lives; it shows that even if immigrants cross the national border, they face continuing surveillance and exclusion in their life.
    In order to describe these experiences, the term of "spatial managers", by Ghassan Hage, is used to mean those who believe they have the right to control immigration spatially through their consciousness and behavior. Considering the Nikkei Peruvians. surveillance experiences, it is proved that there exists not only a single and simple power relationship between the Japanese spatial managers and Nikkei Peruvians, who are managed by the former, but also various other relationships. These relationships can be described as follows. First, Nikkei Peruvians can be spatially managed by the Japanese, even in the form of a traumatic past memory, without the actual presence of any Japanese people. Second, contrastingly, they can anticipate a future relationship with spatial managers. Third, through daily mutual communication with spatial managers, the Nikkei Peruvians can themselves become spatial managers to other foreigners.
    To conclude, this paper indicates that the power in Nikkei Peruvians. surveillance experiences is constructed from the dual meaning of "transference" of spatial managers. Transference can be from the past or future to the present of Nikkei Peruvians or it can be transference of consciousness and behavior of spatial managers from the ethnic majority to the ethnic minorities.
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  • Niklas Luhmanns Begriff der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft in einem ideengeschichtlichen Kontext
    Yutaka KOYAMA
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 37-51
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.37
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Im folgenden Essay soll die Ordnungsvorstellung der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft, welche Niklas Luhmann erstmals in seinem Buch „Grundrechte als Institution“ (1965) entwarf, sowohl synchronisch als auch diachronisch analysiert werden. Die synchronische Untersuchung ergibt, dass Luhmann sich mit der zeitgenössischen Aufgabe beschäftigte, den deutschen Staatsbegriff anhand von Begriffen wie Öffentlichkeit oder öffentlicher Ordnung zu kritisieren. An Stelle des Begriffs des Dualismus von Staat und Gesellschaft, der den deutschen Staatsbegriff prägte, führte Luhmann den Begriff der funktionalen Differenzierung ein, um die im. 19. Jahrhundert entstandene Gesellschaftsstruktur umzudeuten. Aus diachronischer Perspektive soll die funktional differenzierte Gesellschaft mit Carl Schmitts Begriff des totalen Staates verglichen werden. Nach Luhmanns Verständnis kann es keine Kommunikationsfreiheit geben, wenn der totale Staat durch eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Politisierung, die Schmitt als „Selbstorganisation der Gesellschaft“ bezeichnet, entsteht. Aufgrund der Kritik an dieser Schmitt'schen Fassung der Sozialordnung hat Luhmann die Institutionen, welche der Erhaltung der gesellschaftlichen Differenzierung dienen, darzustellen versucht. In dem Maße, als es sich dabei um die Begrenzung des Politischen handelt, ist diese frühe Luhmannsche Theorie der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft eine liberale Reinterpretation des bürgerlichen Liberalismus im. 19. Jahrhundert.
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  • Interpreting Self-Narratives of Parkinson's Disease
    Tomoki ITO
    2010 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 52-68
    Published: June 30, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.61.52
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Arthur Frank introduced the concepts of "the restitution narrative," "the chaos narrative," and "the quest narrative." The last narrative refers to a scenario where the narrator is a wounded person, and there is an implied ethical proposition that a wounded person "should be" the hero/ine who tells the story of his/her suffering.
    In this paper, I deal with patients with Parkinson's disease who find it difficult to "restitute" in our society. They suffer not only from motor symptoms such as involuntary stiffening, tremors, and a sense of "shame" (G. Nijhof), but also lack the ability to tell a story, i. e., to create an effective substitute for the restitution narrative.
    However, patients with Parkinson's disease undergo rehabilitation and laughter therapy and communicate with each other in self-help groups; they also construct narratives that temporarily soothe their suffering and thus create a substitute for "the restitution narrative," "the rehabilitation narrative." Here, the goal is not to restitute the patient, but to solve a minor problem affecting the body. This narrative and its hardworking protagonist are likely to gain a sympathizer who witnesses and accepts any subtle effect of the protagonist's effort. Moreover, the seemingly comic body narrative radically impeaches our taken-for-granted view that trembling or being stiff is a "bad" or "terrible" thing.
    Although the patients soothe their sufferings with these narratives, it must be noted that these narratives do have their weak points. To ignore this fact is to ignore their constant suffering. This paper, as a sociological narrative, would like to encourage a change in the viewpoint of the readers that rather than merely perceiving these storytellers as strong heroes, they should try to display concern for the sufferings of these still-vulnerable storytellers.
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