In the present study, the amino acid analysis of whole plaque and protein matrix from 2, 4 and 7 day's old plaque was performed and protein matrix was extracted using three kinds of solvents. (trypsin solvent, distilled water and 0.1N NaOH)
For comparison, the amino acid compositions of salivary components and several pure cultured bacteria (St. mutans, St. sanguis, Neisseria, Nocardia, Veillonella and A. viscosus) were also analyzed.
Isoelectric focusing of protein matrix and whole saliva was performed using two kinds of solvents. (distilled water and 0.1N NaOH)
Consequently, the extraction of matrix protein showed that protein content was different in each solvent and each time.
The analysis of amino acid composition of matrix protein showed that glutamic acid content was greater in order of that from distilled water, trypsin solvent and 0.1N NaOH extraction. Arginine from trypsin solvent and distilled water extractions decreased as time went by, but that from 0.1N NaOH extraction did not change. Especially arginine content from trypsin solvent extraction decreased remarkably.
Several bands of acid protein, neutral protein and alkaline protein were obtained from whole saliva, but several bands of only acid protein (pH4-6) were obtained from plaque matrix extracted by 0.1N NaOH and distilled water in isoelectric focusing.
The amino acid compositions of 2, 4 and 7 day's old plaque and plaque matrix were similar each other. The protein bands of 2, 4 and 7 day's old plaque matrix obtained in isoelectric focusing were similar each other too.
The amino acid compositions of whole plaque, cultured bacteria, plaque matrix and salivary mucin were found to possess the common characteristics which glutamic acid, asparaginic acid, alanine and glycine were rich.

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In vitro studies were performed on the extracellular polysaccharides responsible for the adherence of Strep. mutans to glass surface.
Following results were obtained:
1. In proportion of α-1: 3- and α-1: 6-glucosidic linkages, there were no remarkable differences between the adhered and not adhered insoluble glucan produced by Strep. mutans strain FIL from sucrose at early stage of cell growth. The adherence ability of insoluble glucan produced at early stage of cell growth does not mainly depend on the proportion of α-1: 3- and α-1: 6-glucosidic linkages but may depend on other structural changes such as conformation or molecular weight derived from the differences of fields of glucan synthesis.
2. Apparent correlation between the adherence ability of streptococci to glass surface and the insoluble glucan-1 producing ability was observed in the adherence assay system by seven cultured streptococci having different insoluble glucan producing ability. Similar correlation between the amount of adhered insoluble glucan and insoluble glucan-1 producing ability was confirmed in the cell-free adherence assay system by crude enzyme preparation from Strep. mutans strain 6715 under various conditions.
3. The amounts of adhered insoluble glucan and insoluble glucan-1 were reduced by addition of α-1: 6- or α-1: 3-glucanase in cell-free adherence assay system. However, the correlation between the amount of adhered insoluble glucan and insoluble glucan-1 producing ability was also observed in the presence of each glucanase. The insoluble glucan-1 synthesized in the presence of α-1: 6-glucanase and the insoluble glucan-1 synthesized in the presence of α-1: 3-glucanase seemed to have difference in the adhesive property. Each insoluble glucan-1 was fractionated in same fraction according to the solubility, but the difference in adhesive property of each insoluble glucan-1 synthesized in the presence of α-1: 6- or α-1: 3-glucanase may be explained by differences of other physicochemical properties or chemical structures.

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For the purpose of a body temperature measurement, there are available several methods including a temperature of the axilla, rectum and other body organs.
An oral temperature is considered to be very similar to that of the rectum as relatively stable and measurable in a fairly short period of time. These are the factors which account for its frequent use in clinical environment.
As far as the present author knows, there is no published literature on the measurement of an intragingival temperature, if any. The main reason for this may be sought in the difficulty of a measuring instrument, i. e., the technical difficulty of measuring a temperature of the local and deep-lying organ.
Hitherto, the thermocouple and thermistor have been usually in wide use for measuring the temperature of oral soft tissues, particularly those of the sublingual, gingival surface and inside the gingival pocket. In recent years, in particular, the thermistor which is small in size and easy of manipulation has come to be predominantly used.
However, the problem of measuring an intragingival temperature of a human under no anesthesia has been persisting as a technologically difficult one.
In the present study, the author devised a new temperature guage or meter by effecting a little technical improvement on an ordinary electrical temperature measuring apparatus. This apparatus was made up of the Sheath thermocouple and a digital thermometer (No. 377, manufactured by Philipps of Holland).
By use of this modified measuring apparatus, the sublingual, intragingival and gingival surface temperatures and environment inside the gingival pocket, particularly changes in the temperature and moisture, together with changes in the passage of time and intragingival temperatures of the upper and lower anteriors and molars were measured. A sample of 30 cases of inflammatory periodontal diseases were subjected to this series of measurements, and the data thus obtained were compared with those of 30 normal subjects.
As a result of these comparative analyses, the author arrived at the following conclusions:
1. Within the range of 20°C to 28°C, the sublingual, intragingival, gingival surface and intragingival pocket temperatures were unaffected by temperamental and moisture factors inside the room environment. In the case of relative moisture, the range was 60% to 70%.
2. Although there was observed no change in the passage of time regarding the data measured from 10a.m. to 4p.m., the intragingival, gingival surface and intragingival pocket temperatures were found to bear correlationships to changes in the sublingual temperature. Moreover, of these different temperatures the sublingual temperature gave the largest reading or value.
3. Of the intragingival temperature of man, the lingual isde of the lower molars gave the largest reading or value.
4. When the intragingival, gingival surface and intragingival temperatures of the periodontal cases were compared with those of normal subjects, the tendency was observed that in all the measurement items the former gave larger values.

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The present study was carried out to establish the method for evaluating the plaque on the tooth surfaces of experimental animals, and to campare the degree of stained areas with disclosing agents between conventional and mono-infected gnotobiotic mice.
ICR: JCL germfree mice as control and gnotobiotic mice by a plaque forming Str. mutans strain PK1 were used. The mono-infected mice were divided into two experimental groups, one was bred with the 10% sucrose added water, another with nonsucrose water, and both were evaluated 1 week after inoculation.
The results obtained were follows;
1) The plaque could be stained by tincture of iodine more remarkably than other disclosing agents, and this suited our purpose.
2) The staining index was statistically the smallest in germfree mice among the four groups.
3) The nature of staining in germfree mice was different from the other groups, and the stained materials seemed to be food debris or substances derived from saliva.
4) In the mono-infected mice, sucrose-added group had a tendency to show the larger staining index than non-sucrose group.

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Exact measurement of tooth mobility is very important for diagnosis of periodontal disease. Although many instruments of measuring tooth mobility have been published, the majority of them are devices of measuring the incisor, and only a few devices have been described that are capable of measuring the molar tooth mobility.
The purpose of this study is to make an electric new instrument of measuring molar tooth mobility.
(1) This instrument is composed of three parts: the apparatus of measuring the tooth displacement, forcemeter and recorder-set.
The load and the displacement of tooth are changed to the electric amount by means of foil phestel strain-gage, amplituded and recorded continuously on X-Y recorder.
(2) The calibration and accuracy of the instruments was discussed on the model and clinically. Relative error was 5.4% at 100g, 1.7% at 500g on the model and 6.9% (100g), 4.0% (500g) on second molar.
(3) The oral part of this apparatus is very small size and light weight, so that it can be fixed easily in oral cavity. Then this instrument is capable of measuring molar tooth mobility with an accuracy 1μ±6.9%.
(4) Force-movement curves of molar teeth were similar to that of front teeth reported by Mühlemann. The recovery curve after removing force and the displacement by the time can be also recorded by pen recorder.

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The effects of oral hygiene practices (careful cleaning with a toothbrush and application of 0.2 percent chlorhexidine once a day for 2 months) upon the gingival inflammation and the crown margin extension were studied.
The cervical position of each crown was built up according to the following system: 1) 1mm above, 2) even with and 3) 0.5mm below the gingival margin.
Twenty-four teeth in 3 adult dogs were examined. Four teeth of each dog had been used for oral hygiene areas, whereas an equal number of unilateral teeth in the same dogs served as non-oral hygiene areas. The gingival state and oral hygiene were recorded according to the index systems (Löe, 1967). Pocket depths were calculated. The gingival exudate measurements had been also assessed using the orifice method (Takayama et al, 1977).
The animals were sacrificed 5 months following the placement of the crowns. The blood vessel topography at the dentogingival junction was studied, after perfusion with a carbon-gelatin mixture prior to the sacrifice. The tissues were dissected and fixed in 10 percent formalin. They were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Bucco-lingual and horizontal serial sections 8 microns thick were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The gingivae adjacent to the crowns were observed microscopically. The morphologic changes are described, based upon the clinical, the cellular inflammatory and the epithelial changes.
The results indicate that the periodontal conditions were better in the areas with oral hygiene practice as compared with the non-cleaned areas.

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The liquids of four commercially available periodontal dressing materials (Surgical pack [SHOWA], Neodyne pack, Periodontal pack, Cello pack) were injected in subcutaneous of rabbit's back, and were examined on capillary permeability.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. All of the liquid of Surgical pack, Neodyne pack, Periodontal pack and Cello pack have accelerated capillary permeability.
2. The order of permeability obtained was Surgical pack, Neodyne pack, Periodontal pack and Cello pack.
3. Physiological saline solution have not showed capillary permeability.

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Clove oil, corn oil, eugenol, olive oil, peanut oil, absolute alcohol, amyl acetate, sandarac which were contained in the liquid of four commercially available periodontal dressing materials were examined as to capillary permeability of the rabbit's back.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Acceleration of capillary permeability was obtained in the following order, eugenol>clove oil>amyl acetate>absolute alcohol>sandarac.
2. The olive oil, corn oil, peanut oil and control (physiological saline solution) have not showed capillary permeabitity.

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Periodontal dressing materials should be compatible with living connective tissue in order to prevent any possible irritant response.
The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the effects of two commercially available periodontal dressing materials (Septo-pack, COE-pak [Hard & Fast set]). Septo-pack and COE-pak [Hard & Fast set] of periodontal dressing materials were lodged into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rat's.
The animals were sacrificed at 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, 7-day, 10-day and 14-day postoperatively and the implanted materials together with surrounding tissue were exercised. The site of these implanted materials were fixed in 10% formaline, embedded in paraffin, cut in 8μm, and stained with hematoxilin and eosin.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Necrosis:
Necrosis was not observed from 7 days postoperative in Septo-pack, and was not observed from 10 days postoperative in COE-pak [Hard & Fast set].
2. Cell infiltration and hyperemia:
These findings were observed at 14 days on both materials.
3. Tendency of fibrosis:
Fibrosis was observed from 10 days remarkably in Septo-pack, and was remarkable observed at 14 days postoperative in COE-pak [Hard & Fast set]
4. Polyplike tissue:
Polyplike tissue was observed at 5 days postoperative in COE-pak [Hard & Fast set], but was not observed every experiment period in Septo-pack.

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There are many experimental and clinical studies on the relationship of periodontal disease and endocrine distarbances amang the pathogenetic factors of periodontal disease. As for the human autopsy cases, however, there is only one report that has been reported by Urago et al about the case of hypophyseal adenoma. The authors made observation patho-histologically about the mandible of the autopsy case of myxedema that is a hypothyroidism.
The results obtained are as follows;
1) Patho-anatomical diagnosis: (1) Myxedma (severe atrophy of thyrodi gland, severe edema of organs and tissues, hydrops of cavity). (2) Atrophy of organs. (3) Congestion of the liver, spleen and kidneys.
2) Radiologically, alveolar bone resorptions were showed one third or one half to the root. And the disappearance of lamina dula and the widenning of the periodontal space could be seen.
3) There were no gingival inflammation and pathological pocket farmation.
4) Severe edema of gingiva and periodontal ligament could be seen, and it was partial appearance of generalized edema.
5) The bone resorption was not only limited to the alveolar bone but it also extended widely to bodily and basal part of mandible. Histological findings of the bone resorption parts consisted mainly of osteolysis, and osteoclasis could seldom be seen.
6) The histological changes of periodontal tissues are similar to those of periodontosis.

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Coronal reshaping refers to reshaping all surfaces of the teeth that are involved in masticatory and nonmasticatory functions (I. F. Ross, 1970). It is indicated only if there is significant evidence of trauma from occlusion. When indicated, coronal reshaping should be done completely, throughout the mouth.
The indications for coronal reshaping, examination before coronal reshaping, principles of coronal reshaping, technique for coronal reshaping and considerations when doing coronal reshaping are described using a few cases in detail.

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